

EKE 



406 



E L B 



iv.'ll, the /MMOCVMof the niu-irnt-. is a town 

 tlic duch;. ii,l t'oruitT- 



^ ly the chief ton n of the principality o: nach. 



The town is situated in an agreeable niul fertile valley 

 on tl ' i--f, anil was founded in tin- year M)7('>. 



Tlie street* art? regular, and art- well jvaved nntl light- 

 id the town contains >cvcral good hi> 



losity at Eisenach are the an- 

 i which Luther was con- 

 i about two miles from the 



on the top of a high mountain, ami is now in a 

 .in. It is nearly an hour'.-, walk from the to\v n 

 to tlc toj> of the mountain, ami the highest p;irt of the 

 road is cut through the rock. The w,dN. the ceiling, 

 ral nriuunents, and the ancient liall of the chcva- 

 arc now filled with hay. The signal tower, the 

 Mil'terraneous prisons, the ch.iinb'.-rs inhabited bv the 

 ancient landgrave* of Thiiringia, and the chapel of the 

 pious Klizabeth, are still shewn. The view from the 

 castle is \ery fine and exi \mong the surround- 



ing rocks, there are two remarkable for their elevation 

 and their form. The English garden belonging to M. 

 Hoese is upon the heights which surround U'artlxjurg, 

 and is well worthy of being vi.>itcd. There is a very 

 large and good library, belonging to the grammar 

 ', which was founded in 1707, by the Duke John 

 William. There is also a college, a seminary for di- 

 \inity, and an orphr.n hospital. Eisenach carries on a 

 very active commerce, and possesses manufactures of 

 white lead, serges, shags, ribbons and starch. The 

 population of the town is between 9000 and 10,000. 

 For a particular account of the castle of Wartbourg, see 

 the second edition of the description of it published by 

 M. Thou. East Long, by astronomical observation?, 

 10 20' 15", North I .at. 50 58' 55". () 



EISLEBEN, or EISZLEBEN, is the name of an an- 

 cient town of Saxony, and capital of the district of 

 Mansfcld. It is .situated on a hill near a small ttrcam 

 called Kleppenbach. The town is, divided into the old 

 and new. The old town, which was a flourishing city 

 so early us 102 4, lias three parish churches, a grammar 

 school, an ancient castle, and 700 houses. The new 

 town consists of one parish, and about 300 houses. The 

 chord) of St Andre contain! several curious monu- 

 ments. The pulpit of Luther is still shewn, but it is 

 used only three times a year, on public occasions. The 

 church of St Peter, the institution of M. de Burgsdorf, 

 and the Hotel de Ville, with its roof of copper, are the 

 oilier objects worthy of notice. The house in which 

 Luther was born has been used, since 1772, for the 

 public school. The mantle and the hat of the reformer 

 are still shewn to strangers. There are mines of cop- 

 per in the neighbourhood. The people are principally 

 employed in agriculture, and in the manufacture of 

 eltpetreand potash. About two leagues from Eisleben 

 is a saltwater lake, and, from the top of a small hill, 

 formerly a Trajan pagan tomb, there is a fine view of 

 the two lakes. Population about 6000. See Kiirze 

 Xachricht von I. ulcer's House, &jc. vom Rector Hopf- 

 ner, Eisleben, 1 ~<)0, 8vo. East Long. 11 44', and North 

 Lat. 51'40 / . (tv) 



I'EDDFOl), the name given to the annuid con- 

 gress of the British bards, which was formerly held 

 under the sanction of the \Ve!,h princes, at one of 

 the royal residences of Aberfraw, Mathraval, or Cacr- 

 .See Evans' Tuur in H'alet, und the articles HARD 

 and WALK-. 



i.BKRGIA, a genus of plants of the class l)e- 

 f/uidria, and order Monogynia. See BOTANY, p. 211. 



II S, a genus of plant* of the class T- 



tran-! .rdcr .Monogynia. See BMTVNI, i 



I.I 1 < H Al:l'l S, a p nils of plants of the cl;'.- 



ulrr MoiMgynia. - 

 I.I. MS, a genus of plants of the class Diuria, and 



order 1 le\.,n Iria. >ee B.a.v^. 



I I.A'-lUriV. See MI:I'||.\MI -, I'm su s, and 



ELATE, a genus of plants of the class MOD 

 and order llexandria. Scr li.ri \sv. ]< 



l-'.LA Tl KIl'M, a genus of plant* of the class Mo- 

 .!, and order Mouandria. Sir }',< .\\\ . j.. 



1 l.\l!' us of plant- dlthe da-- ( Ictandria, 



and order Tetr.-i^\ nia. \\\, p. | 



I'.l.l'.A. an island in the Medi'.. It is 



situated off the Tuscan i-<.ast in Italy, from which it is 

 separate,! by the channel of I'iombino this channel be- 

 ing about ten miles broad in the narrowest part. Its 

 form is extreme!) irregular. In circumference it may 

 measure nearly seventy English miles. It is moun- 

 tainous in its general aspect. The plains and vallies 

 which it contains are of small extent. It is favoured 

 with a salubrious climate, a good soil, and numerous 

 springs of excellent water. Its vegetable produce con- 

 't' natural grass, corn, vines, olives, chesnuts, al- 

 monds, lies, walnuts, oaks, myrtles, and a great variety 

 of aromatic and evergreen plants. Pears, also, apples, 

 cherries, peaches, and prunes, are produced ; but they 

 are wild and insipid. Lemons, pomegranates, and 

 oranges thrive here, though not in great perfection. 

 There is a great want of forest trees or large wood. 

 Kitchen herbs are almost entirely neglected. The hus- 

 bandry of the island is conducted in a most unskilful 

 and slovenly manner ; so that the crops of corn do not 

 supply the inhabitants with more than three months 

 consumption. The vintage, however, is more than suf- 

 ficient. It takes place in September. The grapes are 

 of an excellent quality. Two kinds of wine are made 

 from them ; red and white. The white is the common 

 wine that is consumed in the island, and is seldom or 

 never exported. The red is made in small quantity, 

 but is extremely delicious. Two sorts of dewrt wine 

 are produced, viz. Vermont and C'ileatico, both ot which 

 are of an exquisite flavour, and highly esteemed. In 

 Elba, as in the other parts of Italy, the use of the press 

 is unknown in the manufacture of wine. 



Elba has been long celebrated for its iron. Virgil 

 calls it, " Iiisnla, iiier/inii.^tii chalybum generosa me- 

 talli.s." There are several mines of this metal through- 

 out the isl.ind ; but the principal one, and the only one 

 that is now worked, is that of Rio near the village of 

 Marina, on the eastern coast. It consists of an entire 

 mountain, whiih is about three miles in circumference, 

 and is so abundant as to afford a supply to Corsica, 

 Genoa, Naples, Tuscany, Romagna, and Piombino. 

 About lii/iO quintals are sold annually, each quintal 

 consisting. Ib. of siena. There are daily em- 



ployed in exporting it to the neighbouring coasts 120 

 Elbcse vcssds ot' from 40 to 100 tons. The price is 

 various according to the quality of the ore : it generally 

 runs from 50 to .52 scudi per quintal It is an esta- 

 blished rule, that the Corsicans have the first choice; 

 and that the Duke of Tuscany is allowed the best parts 

 of the ore called /I iratu, for which, however, he pays 

 an extra price. Tbsjerrata is so calli J on .-.(count of 

 its metallic appearance. lt^ cavities are filled with 

 those crystals, about wliic'i 'liemists have written so 

 much. 'The other ore to which any importance is at- 

 tached is micaceous, not so rich as tha fcrrata, and i 



