E M E 



rland's Tour, p. SOO. Ilrydone's TV 

 66. Blainville's Tra\<!., \<.l. iii. p. :;". Breval 

 velt, y. i. p. l!>- Itiegerus Intrml: N tilitim He- 



nrm, torn. ii. Herbiniiis Cn/i>ttr Ki< i-irnte*. (c) 



': \\t\MI'\T. See l\i \M. N : \\iii.\TioN. 

 I MMI )! 



I MUOTHIiir.M, a genus of plants of the dan 

 Tetrandria, and order MonuLrynia. See BOTANY, p. 



1 MHHYO. See BOTAXV and I'IIYSIOLOI.Y. 



'ItUYOl'TI.IMS. a genus of plants of the class 



I'olynndria. See BIH\N^, p. 



I'M 1)1- \, .. i t.i-.vn of 1'ru-si.i, and capital 



r-l.ind. It is situated near the 



lake Dollart, and on the eat side of the river ! 

 not far from its mouth. The town is large, strong, and 

 well fortified, and consist 1 ) of the Old and New Town, 

 with two faiixbourgs. The princi|>al public buildings 

 are the Hotel de Yille, three Calvinist churche-, anil 

 places of worship for the Human Catholics, Lutherans, 

 Mennonite-. and .lews. 



Emden has long lieen known as a place of consider- 

 able commercial importance. It was declared a free 

 port in IT.v.) by the King of Prussia, who established 

 here an East India Company, which was, however, alm- 

 aiid replaced by the ancient company 

 for the herring fishery. This fishery employed 6'0 boats, 

 .-n.l produced annually about 1000 tons of herring. 

 Tlie harbour of Emden is large and commodious, 

 and is capable of holding 100 vessels. By means of a 

 canal upon the Embs, the ships can come up to the 1 lo- 

 tel de Yille. The following statement of the shipping 

 will convey some idea of the state of trade at Em- 

 Ueiu 



1781 



Number of Ships 

 Outwards. Inwards. 



. . 10'J.j J01U 



. 2151 



In the year I'S-l, Emden possessed 273 vessels of 

 the tonnage of 38,578, besides 43 vessels engaged in the 

 herring fishery. In 1804-, they employed 50O ships in 

 the carrying trade alone. Linen cloth and hosiery are 

 manufactured here, but to no great extent. The popu- 

 lation of the town in 1785, was 7<)6"8, without reckon- 

 ing the garrison ; in 1802, the inhabitants amounted to 

 10,400. According to trigonometrical observations, 

 Emden is situated in East Long. 7 10' 1", and North 

 Lat. 53 22' 3". (te) 



EMEItALD. See ORVCTOONOSV. 



r.MKHSON', WILLIAM, an eminent mathematician, 

 was born on the 1-Hh May 1701, at Hurworth, near Dar- 

 lington, in the county of Durham. His father, Dudley 

 Emerson, who appears to have been possessed of some 

 little property, taught a school, and seem-, to have been 

 a person of some information ;uid genius. From him 

 William received the rudiments of his education in 

 ing, writing, and arithmetic, and a little Latin, per- 

 iiapsas far as the Cordery or IVza's Latin Testament. It 

 appears that he made home further progress in the 

 learned languages afterwards, and received a-si.-tance 

 in acquiring them from a young clergyman, then curate 

 of Hurworth, who was boarded at his father's. In his 

 early days he appears to have been idle and inattentive, 

 and exhibited none of those symptoms of superior 

 genius for which iie was afterwards so remarkable. 

 Indeed, so cureless and inattentive to learning was he, 



E M E 



.it this period, that he was frequently heard to say. till 

 he wa- nearly tv i :itv jrearsof ge, t!.at his iirinc ip;il and 

 faxourite emp! r one season of the year 



looking nfu r birds nt-t- iimcnt to child- 



ish amusements was soon to pass a.i\ . and as 1 

 vanced in mind began to relish, and to bo 



'e of the cl.arms and beau; < nee. He 



went lir.-a to Newcastle, and afterwards to York, v 

 he applied himsilf with Me attention and di- 



ligence to the study of the mathematics, uilder C 



olmasters whose names he always nien- 

 .1 with respect. He used also to say, that his IX- 

 therw.'1-.a tolerable mnthematician, and without his 

 books and instruments, his own genius would, pel 



have been unfolded. Alter his return from York 

 ded princi|>ally at Hurworth, where he conti- 

 nued to pursue his studies and amusements at inh 

 till the time of his marriage, which happened about hiv 

 , ear. From thin period we may date the com- 

 mencement of his mathematical labours, or. pei 

 rather the communication of them to the public. What 

 be had done before in tbj occasion- 



al application for hi- ov. n anniMiueiU, or fi/r the > 



nd employment of his leisure hour-. But one of 

 those accidents, which, Dr Johnson observes, produce 

 that particular designation of mind, and propensity to 

 some certain science, commonly called genius, took 

 place on this occasion, and added a powerful stimulus 

 to his native thirst for knowledge and for fame. His 

 wife was the niece of a Dr Johnson, 1 1 ur worth, 



vicar of Manfield, in the county of York, and a pre- 

 bendary of Durham. A man, who, by practising sur- 

 gery, and from the emoluments arising from his li . 

 had accumulated a considerable fortune. 



John-on had promised his niece, who lived with him, 

 five hundred pounds for her marriage portion. Some 

 time after the marriage, Mr Emerson took an opportu- 

 nity to mention this matter to the Doctor, and to re- 

 mind him of his promi-e. The Doctor, who appear* 

 to have been a man destitute of honour with regard to 

 his word, did not chuse to recollect aiiv thing of the 

 matter, but treated our young mathematician with some 

 contempt, as a person of no consequence, and beneath 

 his notice. 



Emerson's independent mind could easily have sur- 

 mounted pecuniary disappointment, his patri.nony, 

 though not large, being equal to all his wants, but this 

 contemptuous treatment excited his indignation. He 

 went home, (lacked up his wile's clothes, and sent them 

 oil' to the Doctor, swearing, at the same time, that he 

 would scorn to be beholden to such a fellow for a 

 rag, adding, with great vehemence, that he would prove 

 himself the better man ; and, in order to demonstrate 

 this, he determined to labour till he became one of the 1 

 test mathematicians of the age. 



Emerson made him-elf a perfect master of the whole 

 circle of the mathematics ; and having carefully plan- 

 ned and digested the work to his ov. n satisfaction, lie 

 published, in the I'-'d year of his age, his book of t'tux- 

 iuns, nnd at hiis first appearance us an author, he ob- 

 i a respectable place among contemporary mathc- 

 . nis. 1 laving tin!.- .secured his tame upon a firm and 

 solid basis, he continued from time to time to lavour the 

 publi c with other valuable pu 111 icat ions, on several branch* 

 1 1 if mathematic.-, a list of which may be seen in an 

 excellent and well written account of his life, by the Rev. 

 W. Bowe, prefixed to his Tracts, from which the chief 





