ENGLAND. 



At Uver- 

 poL 



In Cheshire. 



KendaL 



It appears, from an iinvmnt kept by Mr Iliitrhins.m 

 at I.iverjxHjl, for '-'"< \eir-. (Voiu ITiis to 1792, that the 

 mean heat at that place, at 12 o'clock, is .V!" of Fahren- 

 heit's thermometer : the giv:ttc-t dearer of heat during 

 that period, 86" ; the least, -J-J". The greate.-t r 

 61" ; and the mean annual range K> . The mean height 

 of the thermometer, during the month of February, tor 

 that period, was 44, of March 47, of April M", of the 

 spring season 48; of the month of May ."is", of June 

 03, of July 65, the mean heat of summer 62 ; of Au- 

 gust 65, September 61, OctoU-r :"> 1 ', the mean heat of 

 autumn (><> " ; of Novemlier 47", December 43, and 

 January 41, and the mean heat of winter 44". 



The mean heat at Dover is 53. The greatest de- 

 gree of heat noticed during the years 1790, 1791, 1792, 

 and 1793, 86; the least 16; the greatest range 70; 

 and the mean annual range 51 nearly. As, however, 

 the observations on which these results are founded, 

 were not complete during the whole of the years to 

 which they relate, it is probable that the temperature 

 of Dover is not accurately given, as it would then 

 not be greater than the mean annual heat at Liver- 

 pool. 



From accounts kept at Middlcwich in Cheshire, with 

 a thermometer in a room where there were no fires, at 10 

 o'clock in the morning, during the years 1768, 1769, 

 1770, 1771, and 1772, it appears that the mean heat at 

 this place is 52; the greatest heat 78; the least 21; 

 the greatest range 57" ; and the mean annual range 49. 

 In the month of February, the mean height was 40, in 

 March 43, in April 50, and in the spring the mean 

 heat was 44 ; in the month of May 60, in June 65, 

 in July 68, giving as the average heat of the summer 

 64; in August 65, in September 60, in October 52, 

 the mean heat of autumn being thus 6'0 ; in November 

 45, December 42, January 37, giving as the mean 

 heat of winter 41. 



At Kendal, in Westmoreland, it was ascertained, from 

 the observations of five years, beginning July 1787, 

 that the mean temperature there, was 46.08. In winter, 

 during wet weather, the mean height of the thermo- 

 meter was nearly 40 ; and in the same kind of weather 

 during the summer, it was about 54. 



The mean height of the thermometer at Lancaster 

 during seven years, viz. 1784, 1785, 1786, 1787, 1788, 

 1789, and 1790, was 51.8 at two o'clock in the after- 

 noon; 45.6 at 10 o'clock at night. The mean heat, 

 noon and night, 4S = .7 ; the highest degree 82, and the 

 lowest 1 8. The mean heat of January 39. 1 , of February 

 41.3, of March 41.6, April 50, May 59.3, June G4 3 .5, 

 July 64. 1, August 63.2, September 59. 4, October 

 52" I, November 45.5, and December 39".2, at two 

 o'clock in the afternoon. 



At London, by a mean of the observations made at 

 the Royal Society from 1772 to 1780, it appears that 

 the mean annual temperature is 51.<) ; and the monthly 

 temperature as follows, January 35.9, February 42'.3, 

 March 46.4, April 49.9, May 56.6l, June 63.22, 

 July 66.3, August 65.85, September 59.63, October 

 52.81, November 44".44, and December 41.04. The 

 greatest usual cold is 20, and occurs in January ; the 

 greatest usual heat is 8F, and happens generally in 

 .'nlv. The limits of the annual variation are 2.5, that 





1 \ f .. r > below the mean. The en-ate-! 

 variations of t!;t> mean temperature of the -aim- month 

 in diiii -. are as follow, January (. . February 



.5, March 4, April :; ', May 2.5, June U , Ji;i 

 August -2 , September '.','.:,, October 4 , \o\, 

 December .'"'. From this statement it will be seen, tint 

 the temperature of the summers differs much less than 

 that of the winters. The most common variations of 

 temperature in London and its vicinity, within the 

 space of 24 hours in every month, are January 6, 

 February K , March '20-, April is , Ma\ ] ; . June 12', 

 July 10, August 15", September !', October 

 November 9, December 6. 



From observations mrvle at York, which, however, York 

 were confined to one year, it appears, that the mean an- 

 nual temperature in that city is I;) . The medium heat 

 of each month and season, deduced from the same ob- 

 servations, is as follow-: February ">')", March 43, 

 April :>(f. giving as the medium heat of the spring 



; of May 59, June f)j, July 68, giving u 

 medium temperature of the summer season (>.!"..{.; of 

 August 6.5", September '>(>', October 48", giving a,s the 

 medium temperature of the autumn months ,-v> .J-; of 

 November 40, December 35, January 'J:'i ', giving as 

 the medium temperature of the winter season ;;ti v . 



From the observations made with two thermometers Of Devon- 

 at the same time, one near Cullumpton in Devonshire, shire and 

 and the other at Yoxlyhull in Staffordshire, it was as- Staflbrd- 

 certained that the heat in the former county above JV*" ' 

 that in the latter, was, one day with another, as fol- ' 

 lows: November 1794, 5, December 4.?, January 

 1795, 8.^. February 6.J, March 6VJ, April 10, May 

 8. T 'j-, June 8.j. The thermoineter in Devonshire was 

 observed at 8 D . and 9 \ A. M. and there was frequent- 

 ly a variation of one, two, three, and four degrees, and 

 sometimes even five and seven degrees in that space of 

 time, the thermometer generally standing higher at the 

 later hours, but sometimes lower. From the observa- 

 tions made by Dr Babington, with a thermoineter at 

 Lndlow in Shropshire, it was ascertained, that on an 

 average of 53 days, the heat was not quite one-eighth 

 of a degree greater than at Yoxlyhall in Staffordshire. 



The comparative temperature of different parts of London and 

 England will be further illustrated by the following the west of 

 facts : Dr Thomas Young remarks, that the mean tern- En S llin d 

 perature of the six winter months, from October to """P 311 

 March, at London, is 43.5 ; while at Dawlish, on the 

 south coast of Devonshire, it is 45..'? ; and at Ilfracombe, 

 on the Bristol Channel, it is so high as 59. From No- 

 vember to March, the mean temperature of London is 

 42.6 ; of Penzaiicc, in Cornwall, 4S 3 .1. From January 

 to March, at London, 37.9 ; at I'enzance, 48-'. 5 ; and at 

 Sidmouth, in Devonshire, 41 J .7. During February and 

 March, at London, 41 .5 ; and at Clifton, -1--2 ..x From 

 October to December, at London, 47 ; and at Sid- 

 mouth, 45.7. From December to February, the mean 

 temperature at London is S9.7. In the most sheltered 

 parts of Devonshire, during winter, the temperature is 

 1.5 above that of London. In the coldest months, at 

 Penzance, the temperature is 4.5 higher than at Lon- 

 don. 



From observations made the same year at Sidmoiith W siJ. 

 and Derby, the following result is given : mouth and 



Highest degree at Sidmouth 76, wind S. W. At Derby 78, wind S. E. 



Lowest 20, wind N. E 19, wind N. W. 



Greatest variation 14, 18, 



Mean for the day 55, 50, 



Mean for the night 39, 37, 



Annual mean 47, 43, 



