ENGLAND. 



709 



Statistics, species, L. variegatus, the stripped wrasse, and L. gib- 



^""Y"^*' bus, the gibbous wrasse : the three next species are most 



commonly met with off the Cornish coast, L. cornubius, 



the goldfinny ; L. comber, the comber ; and L. coquus, 



the cook. 



Genus Perca : P. fluviatilis, the perch ; P. puncta, 

 the basse ; P. marina, the sea perch ; P. cernua, the 

 ruffe ; P. nigra, the black fish, is found in the rivers in 

 Cornwall. 



Genus Gasterosteus : G. aculeatus, the ban stickle, 

 is found in such abundance in the fens and rivers in Lin- 

 colnshire, that, according to Pennant, a man earned four 

 shillings a day, by taking and selling them to the far- 

 mers for manure, at a halfpenny a bushel : they make 

 their appearance off this coast only once in seven or 

 eight years ; G. ductor, the pilot fish, very rarely comes 

 near our coasts, but is sometimes seen in our seas, at a 

 considerable distance from land ; G. pungitius, the les- 

 ser stickleback ; G. spinnachia, the larger stickleback. 



Genus Scomber : S. scomber, the mackrel. An eco- 

 nomical account of this, and other fish caught in the ri- 

 vers and off the coasts, will be given, when we come to 

 treat of the English fisheries ; at present, we shall mere- 

 ly mention a fact connected with its natural history : 

 Pennant mentions an instance of one taken on the Eng- 

 lish coast that weighed five pounds. S. thynnus, the 

 albicore ; S. trachurus, the scad. 



Genus Mullus : M. barbatus, the red surmullet; M. 

 surmuletus, the striped surmullet. 



Genus Trigla : T. lyra, the piper; T. gurnardus, the 

 grey gurnard. This fish seems to grow to a larger size 

 in the English seas than elsewhere, as here it has been 

 caught from two to three feet long, whereas in the Bal- 

 tic it is seldom more than a foot and a half. T. cucu- 

 lus, the red gurnard ; T. hirundo, the tub-fish ; T. li- 

 neata, the streaked gurnard, is met with off the coast of 

 Cornwall. 



Order ADDOMI VALES. Genus Cobilis : C. barbatula, 

 the loche ; C. tacnia, the armed loche. 



Genus Salmo : S. salax, the salmon, has been taken 

 in England of the weight of 74 pounds ; S. eriox, the 

 grey ; S. trutta, the sea trout ; S. fario, the common 

 trout ; S. carpio, the gilt char ; S. alpinus, the char, is 

 found in the lakes of Cumberland ; S. eperlanus, the 

 smolt, or sparling ; S. lavaretus, the guiniad, is found 

 in the lakes of Cumberland and Wales; S. albula, the 

 juvangis, is said to have been carried fro:n England in- 

 to Scotland by Robert Bruce; S. thymallus, the grey 

 ling. 



Genus Etoi : E. osseus, the great gar-fish, is taken 

 off the coast of Sussex ; E. ludus, the pike ; E. belone, 

 the sea pike ; E. saui us, the saury. In Cornwall, where 

 this fish abounds, it is called the skipper. t 



Genus Argentina : A. sphyrana, the argentine, has 

 been found in our seas, but is very rare. 



Genus Clupea : C. liarengus, the herring. According 

 to Pennant, there is sometimes taken near Yarmouth, a 

 herring, distinguished by a black spot above the nose, 

 uliiclvjias been seen of the great length of 21| inches. 

 C. sprattus, the spi.it ; C. alosa, the shad. 



Genus Cyprinuf : C. barbus, the barbel; C. carpio, 

 the carp. According to Fuller, this fish was introdu- 

 ced into England, in I.jl4, by Leonard Mascali. C. go- 

 bio, the gudgeon ; C. tinea, the tench ; C. auratus, the 

 gold fish : this li.-h was introduced into England about 

 the year Ifiyi, but was not generally known till 1728, 

 when a great number were brought from China, and 



presented to Sir Matthew Decker, by whom they were ^ Statistics.^ 

 distributed in the vicinity of the metropolis. C. phoxi- V "" 1 *Y~ 1 * / 

 nus, the minnow ; C. leuciscus, the dace ; C. rutilus, the 

 roach ; C. brama, the bream. 



Entomolo- 

 Entomology. gy. 



Order COLEOPTERA. Genus Scarabeus : Of the 433 Coleoptera. 

 species of which this genus consists, upwards of 30 are 

 natives of England. The Scarabeus auratus, golden 

 beetle, is considered one of our most beautiful insects. 

 Scarabeus fasciatus is rare in England. 



Genus Lucamts. L. cervus, the stag beetle, is the 

 largest of the order Coleoptera found in this country. It 

 is very common in Kent and Sussex. 



Genus Dermestes. Of this we have six species. 

 Genus Bostrichvs. B. piniperda often commits great 

 devastation on the bark of elms in England. There arc 

 four species of this genus ; and the same number of the 

 genus Plinus, and of the genus Hister. Genus Gyrinus, 

 G. Natator. Genus Byrrhits, B. pilula, and B. varius. 

 Genus Anthrcenns, A. scrophularia, and Verbasci. Of the 

 genus Sityha there are twelve species, of the Nitidiiln 

 five, and the same number of the genus Cassida. Of tin; 

 1 50 known species of the CoccineUa, 1 7 are very com- 

 mon. Of the genus Chrysmnela, C. Banksii is a rare 

 insect here, but is found in the month of May on a 

 thistle: Besides this, we possess upwards of 30 other 

 species. Nearly 20 species of the genus Cryptocepl/ii- 

 lus, which was formerly arranged as Chrysomela, are 

 met with. We have only one species of the Bruc/ms, 



B. scabrosus. Of the genus Cttrculio there are upwards , 

 of 60 species, four of the Altdabus, two of the Noloxus. 



Of the Cerambyx, very few are natives ; C. coriarius is 

 the largest species. C. violaceus is very rare, and is 

 supposed to have been introduced from Germany. Of 

 the Lcptura there are six species, of the Necydalis three. 

 Of the Lampyris, only two species are caught here, and 

 they are by no means common even in the south of 

 England. We have one species of the Horia, 1 1 of the 

 Caniharis, 1 3 of the Elaler, four of the Cicindela. The 



C. aquatica is the least of our species. Very few of the 

 numerous genus Bupreslis are natives of England, only 

 eight having been found. There are four of the Hydro- 

 philus, 12 of the Dytiscus. Amongst the species of the 

 Carahus, or ground beetle, are found some of our largest 

 insects : We possess 26 species of it; two of the Tene- 

 brio, five of the Pimelia; only one of the Lytta, L. niti- 

 dula ; two of the Meloe ; M. tecta is found in Epping 

 Forest, in July ; five of Mordella ; \5ofStaphylinus; 

 two oi [' Forficula: F. minor, however, is not common. 



Order HEMIPTERA. In this, and the remaining or- Hcmiptera. 

 ders, we must content ourselves with specifying the ge- 

 nera found in England, with occasional notices of the 

 more remarkable species : Blatta, Gryttus, Fulgora, F. 

 Europsea, very rare ; Cicada, C. sanguinolenta, found 

 on the chalky and sandy soils near Dartford, the most 

 beautiful of our Cicada; ; Nolonecta, Nepa, Cimex, C. 

 lectularius, the common bug, was not known before the 

 beginning of the 17th century; C. festivus is not coin- 

 mon ; Aphis, Chermes, Coccus, Tlirips. 



Order LEPIBOPTERA. Genus Papilio: Of the 877 Lepidopte- 

 species, we possess nearly 70. P. machaon, the swallow ra. 

 tail, is found in great numbers in the meadows near Bris- 

 tol. P. hero is very abundant in the marshy parts of 

 Lancashire, near Manchester. P. populi and P. antiopa 

 are not common. The rarest of our species are P. si- 

 billa and P. Camilla ; the largest, P. papliia. Genus 



