73f 



EX CLAN D. 



suiMbrt. of this animal, extremely well ad.-ipti d for the plough. 



"" "V^* 1 HAS latcK IK-VH bred in the di-trict of Cleveland. Suf- 

 folk also produces a breed of these animals, -liort. well 

 compacted, and active, which are very valuable as farm 

 horses. Tin- \\Vlsh horse* are small, but active. In 

 no country in the world lias so much attention been 

 ncid to horses, tor hunting and tin- race CHUTM', a- in 

 F.nglaml ; anil tliis attention lias been rewarded by the 

 excellence of die animals reared. Korean stallions of 

 .-. such as tlio.se from Barbary. 

 Turkey. \c. have Ivin procured at 



i.l, according to l!iitlim, the EqgUsh horses. 

 in respect to figure, nearly approach those of Arabia 

 and Barbary. It has been said, that an F.nglMnnan i< 

 natur: lly f".H> (if ]:- horse; :ind this }>opular si \ ing is 

 confirmed by tl'.e very superior and attentive manner 

 in which horses of nearly all docriptions are kepi, of 

 whatever cla-s of p. nplc their ow ncrs may be. The 

 fondness of the Knglish for horse-racing has undoubt- 

 edly contributed to improve the breed, at least in re- 

 sped to symmetry of form and s|>eed. The best race- 

 horses run 6'J \ feet in one second, or nearly a mile in 

 a minute. 



Probable The number j' iiorses employed in agriculture has 



number. never been very accurately ascertained. Mr Marshall 

 supposes that each .square mile employs 20 horses, 

 which is about 3 to 100 acres : if tins supposition be 

 correct, and we reckon that, in England and Wales, 

 there are 30 millions of ac^-es of cultivated ground, the 

 number of horses would be about 900,000. The fol- 

 lowing facts will render this calculation still more pro- 

 bable: In 1804, the number of horses for which duty 

 was paid in Great Britain, was 1,178,000; but, besides 

 these, there were a great many others ; and from the 

 communications made to the Board of Agriculture on 

 this subject, it was calculated, that at this period there 

 were 200,000 pleasure horses, 40,000 cavalry horses, 

 1,200,000 employed in husbandry, and 350,000 colts 

 and mares. Now, if we deduct from the 1,200,000 

 horses employed in husbandry in Great Britain, the 

 number we may suppose to be employed in this way 

 in Scotland, which is probably between a fifth and a 

 sixth of what are employed in the whole island, we 

 shall have between !)00,000 and one million for the hor- 

 ses used in husbandry in England and Wales. In 1806, 

 the number of horses was estimated at 919,924, of 

 which about 20,000 were supposed to be employed in 

 stage-coaches, post-chaises, and hackney-coaches. In 

 the Appendix to the Heport of the Committee on Broad 

 Wheels and Turnpike Roads, it is calculated that 

 100,000 horses are in constant employment, in wag- 

 gons, carts, &c, on the roads, for ."00 days in the year. 

 By the l.'Jth George III. the load allowed to each horse 

 is 16 cwt. ; but let us suppose each horse carries half a 

 ton, and goes 20 miles a day. The expcncc of carriage 

 varies from Is. to 2s. per ton per mile. On the 16 prin- 

 cipal roads, the average is rather more than Is. if we 

 take it at Is. and allow each horse to draw half a ton!20 

 miles, the annual value of the labour will Ix.- I. .1.10; 

 and for 100,000 horses, L.I 5.. 000,000. The quantity 

 of land necessary to keep pleasure horses cannot be rec- 

 koned at less than five acres; and the same quantity fur 

 cavalry horses. Perhaps four acres may be sufficient 

 to keep horses employed in husbandry, on the roads, 

 \c. while breeding mares and colts will not consume 

 the produce of three acres. The eji|X'iice of keeping 

 each horse, on an average of all the kinds kept in this 

 kingdom, even at the low price of 3iJs. per quarter for 



oats, cannot be estimated at less than I.. .",; per an- Si 

 num. **~~{~^ 



Mil! -*, especially the former, arc not MTV Mules md 



abundant in F.ngland ; nd are scarcely, if at all, , 

 in husbandry. They are in general larger than thu-i- 

 <>r oilier countries. >patn, 1'ortugal, anil M.ilt 

 noted. 



There is a great variety in the breeds of swine kept Breeds of 

 in this country, of which the following are cither the -vine. 

 most common, or the mot valuable. 



The Berkshire, which is small boned, and di*powd 

 to fatten quickly. It has extended from the district, 

 from which it derives its name, o\cr mo-t parts of the 

 island. It is the sort mostly fattened at the distill' 

 and is good either for pork or bacon. 



The ( hincse breed, the size of which is small, and 

 the flesh delicate, is also to be met with in almost every 

 county. It is the best adapted for using as pork, but 

 is seldom cured into bacon, being too itufl for that 

 purpo-c. 



The Gloucestershire breed, which Mr Marshall sup- 

 poses to have been formerly the prevailing breed of tin 

 island, is large, but ill formed. Its colour in general is 

 white. It is a very unprofitable sort; and is chiefly 

 confined to Gloucestershire, Shropshire, and the west 

 of Devonshire. 



The Hampshire breed is very large ; but not so com- 

 pact as the Berkshire. They are white, well disposed 

 to fatten, and come up to a great weight when proper- 

 ly managed. 



The Herefordshire is a large useful breed, but not by 

 any means superior to either the Berkshire or Hamp- 

 shire. 



The Rudgwick breed, so called from a town of that 

 name in Sussex, on the confines of Surrey, is supposed 

 by Mr Middleton to be the largest in the island ; feed- 

 ing to an extraordinary size, and, at two years old, 

 weighing nearly double or treble the weight of other 

 sorts of hogs of that age. 



The Northampton breed, which are reared chiefly i" 

 that county, are of a large size, but they do not fatten 

 very kindly. The breed of Shropshire is nearly .simi- 

 lar to that of Northamptonshire. 



The swing-tailed breed are not very numerous. Their 

 size is small ; their form well proportioned. They arc 

 very hardy, and fatten to a good weight. 



A new variety of swine was introduced by the late 

 Duke of Bedford, called the larger-spotted Woburn 

 breed, which arc very prolific, h.-.rdy, and well dispo- 

 sed to fatten, attaining nearly twice the si/.e and weight 

 of other hogs, within the same period of time. 



The counties in England most remarkable for the 

 quantity and quality of their hams, are Westmoreland 

 and Yorkshire ; and those in which bacon of the best 

 quality is cured, are Wiltshire, Hampshire, and Berk- 

 shire. At Farringdon, in the last named county, up- 

 wards of I,. 4000 worth is sold in the course of the 

 year. Very little either of bacon or hams are exported ; 

 but they form a considerable branch of internal com- 

 merce. 



Goats are reared in the mountainous parts of the Goats. 

 north of F.ngl.-md, particularly on the Cheviot Hills ; 

 but in much greater abundance in Wales. The breed 

 of F.nglish and Welsh goats is large, and their skins 

 valuable. Their milk also yields a profit. 



Ilabbit warrens arc kept only on such kind of land Rabbit*. 

 as ^ not fitted for any more lucrative and valuable pur- 

 Thcse arc more numerous and extensive per- 



