758 



- ..-, . 



State in 

 1901. 



f cotton trade in England, wp shall be di.,po<cd to ad- 

 mit, that no country can exhibit a more striking in- 

 stance of enterprising and successful industry. 



One of the most obvious and ac ",,,s of jud- 



ging of the progress of HI , ture, and of its com- 



parative state at different periods, i- .,!; , 



the relative quantity of the raw material-' u,cd ,,t tho,e 

 periods. \\ e shall therefore lay before our readers an 

 account of the quantity of cotton imported in Great 

 Britain, on an annual medium of fom' ,,f five 



years each, commencing 5th January 17;,' ; preini-iii" 

 that the quantity imported for the use of Eny-land may 

 be estimated at six-sevenths of the whole. On an an- 

 nual medium of five years, from 177'J to 177(i, the 

 quantity of cotton wool imported amounted only to 

 4,414,757 Ibs.; during the next period, down to 

 t had increased to upwards of 16,000,000 Ibs. ; in the 

 rext, down to \~'.+>, the quantity was nearly L'9,000,000- 

 and in the hist of the series of periods, including five 

 years preceding the 5th of January 1799, on an animal 

 medium it amounted to upwards of 86,000,000 Ibs. In 

 .i- IT'ii, there were printed in England and 

 Wales, of English calicoes and muslins, upwards of 

 24,000,000 yards ; in the year 1 800, upwards of 

 28,000,000 yards : the value of the former being about 

 L. 3,500,000, and of the latter about L. 4, 180,000 

 but as the quantity of white muslins and calicoes made 

 in England and Wales, was probably much greater 

 than that of the printed, they may be estimated at the 

 value of L. 3,000,000, even though their price, from 

 not beuig printed, was not so high as the others. The 

 annual exports of British cotton manufactures, from all 

 the parts of the kingdom, on the average of three years, 

 9 1, 1798, and 1799, was upwards of L. 4,000 000 

 In the year 1801, the import of cotton-wool into Bri- 

 tain was 42,000,000 Ibs. and the estimated value of 

 the cotton manufacture L. 15,000,000 sterling. In 

 02, the importation of cotton-wool was not less than 

 54,000,000 Ibs. ; and the particulars- of the trade were 

 stated, on good authority, to be as follow : " The raw 

 material, when delivered on board the merchant ships 

 costs about L.4,000,000 sterling; upwards of 30,000 tons 

 of shipping, and about 2000 seamen, are constantly 

 employed in bringing cotton-wool to this country, and 

 in exporting the goods manufactured from it. To 

 work the ' 



ENGLAND. 



Cost of tJie cotton in the countries where it grows, in- 



Mir.oice, fj.-.jht, oilier shipping charges, and nicr 

 i Us' profit . . . t ] 



The intl per cfnt. upon the capital 



of I ,.;,,j .;, t/ ;()j SUI ,k i n building and 

 machinery, with 10 /)(T K i,t. f.>r wear and 

 tear of do. 



Wages of spinning, value of matcn..N con- 

 sumed in the pmce-.- of spinning the cot- 

 ton into thread, .ml pinners' profit 



\ alue of materials consumed in subsequent 

 manufacture*, manufacturing wages, in- 

 terest of capital, and profit 



Statistic*. 



1,083,750 



5,100,000 



<),000,000 

 L. 20,208,750 



Of which sum, at least L.I 3,000,000 sterling are paid 

 in wages to the natives of Great Britain." 



Though these particulars relate to the state of the 

 cotton trade in Great Britain, yet we have quoted them 

 as exhibiting a striking picture of its extent and im- 

 portance at this period, and of its rapid advance, which 

 proceeded in England in at least an equal decree as it 

 did in Scotland. 



In the year 1787, it will be recollected, the number ,, 

 of water mills in the whole of Lancashire was il ; and at different 

 the number of mule spindles, worked both by machi- period*. 

 nery and hand, in Great Britain, was about 1,700,000. 

 In the year 1804, t: ere were in Manchester 'alone 93 

 spinning factories, and at least 1,500,000 spindles in the 

 different factories in the town and neighbourhood 

 Supposing that 1000 spindles are a fair average for 

 each horse power, and that the steam engines averaged 

 a ten-horse power, these spindles would have required 

 150 such steam engines to work them; which, at the 

 estimate of a ton of coals per day for each engine, must 

 have consumed about 50,000 tons of coal annually. 



In the year 1812, there was laid before the House of 

 Commons an account of cotton- wool imported, contain, 

 ing the average of four periods, of five years each, be- 

 ginning 1792, wliich we subjoin, although we have al- 

 ready, in some degree, anticipated the result of the im- 

 portation during the first series of years. 



1792 to 17 



g 6 



, j wj *ng*ua a i >ijn,u 111 IJUJ1U- 



ing and machinery to the amount of L. 19,225,000 ; and 

 those buddings and machinery are chiefly composed of 



bricks, slates, glass, timber, lead, iron, copper/tin, and ' 87 ' 881 ' 80 



leather, from most of which, in one shape or other a 

 considerable duty is collected for the support of the 

 state. Tins trade gives employment or support to up- 

 wards of 800,000 individuals ; and the annual return 

 of the manufacture is nearly as follows : 



TABLE V. Cotton Imported. 



In order that the increase in the value of cotton 

 goods exported may be compared with the increase in 

 the quantity of cotton-wool imported, we give the two 

 following Tables. 



