Fe r 
4 ENGLAND. 
Statistics. ton, Stockton, Whitby, Hull, Retford in N. - 
—— chi 4 + her 
in Leices- 
Lershire, 
shire, Oxford, Bridport, and all the district 
between that and Beaminster in Dorsetshire, as well as 
in the adjoinin of Somersetshire. At Bridport,there 
is also an extenstve manufacture of nets of all sorts, lines, — 
and small At one period during the late war, 
the number of contractors S Oe eT 
were in England 23, each having 20 looms, and 
loom producing two pieces of canvass in the week ; but 
England was so little able to supply the demand, that 
by far the largest proportion was obtained from Scot- 
land, where the sailcloth manufactures were increasing, 
while those in England were Lane wh 
In Suffolk, a considerable quantity of hemp is grown, 
which is manufactured into strong and coarse linen, 
and also into sacking and . The latter are made 
chiefly in the vicinity of Stowmarket. Linen for sheet- 
ing is made at Bromsgrove in Worcestershire ; and 
sacking for hops, &c. is manufactured in Berkshire, 
where 4000 people are employed, principally at A- 
Dingdion, and in most of the hop counties. These, 
with some other linen manufactures in different 
of Westmoreland, Lancashire, Dorsetshire, Du > 
&c. of very inconsiderable extent or importance, may 
be considered as the principal in England. Linen 
thread is made in considerable quantity, by the poor 
people in cottages, in the neighbourhood of Working- 
ton, and exchanged with es people for goods, Mills 
for spittning flax were first invented at pony 
where they are still used. At this place, there is also a 
manufacture of hutkabacks, diapers, and sheeting. It 
will be evident from this account of them, that, with 
the exception of the sailcloth manufacture, the value of 
the goods made, and uently the value of the raw 
material, and the amount of the manufacturer's profit, 
and the workmen’s wages, must be very trifling ; and 
asin time of this principal branch must necessa- 
fall off very much, there seems no necessity, even 
if there were data, to endeavour to ascertain these par- 
ticulars, It may, however, just be mentioned, that, in 
the opitiion of Mr Grellier, the linen trade of England 
amounts to about one million annually. 
As stockings are made of worsted, silk, and cotton, 
‘we shall consider the manufacture of'them in this place. 
The art of knitting stockings was introdticed about the 
middle of the 16th century ; ‘and within 27 years after 
needles had been applied to this purpose, the’ steel 
frame was invented, ot introduced by one Lee of Cal- 
verton, in Nottinghamshire. This county, and the ad- 
joining counties of Derby and Leicester, still continue 
the seat of the stocking manufacture. The i ah 
Knitters Company were ye in 1664; but 
during the first after the invention, few im- 
provements were made in the frames, as in 1660 two 
men were employed to work one frame. Latterly, 
however, great improvements have taken place in this 
machine, and it has been applied té various purposes 
besides the making of stockings. 
The species of stockings matle at present in Leices- 
tershite, Nottinghamshire, and Derbyshire, in some Te- 
spects vary from one another. In the first meéritioned 
county. the stockings are principally or wholly of worst- 
ed of of cotton ; very few, if any, silk i 
made in the county. The worsted and cotton forma. ~ 
i de neighbour is prepared a8 in the count Rd 
in neighbouring county of Warwick, pafticular 
in Warwick itself, where one house is very extenisivaly 
concerned in this trade. ‘The articles made in Leices- 
tershire are principally light, consisting of sandals, 
being borne i Dorsetshire, considerable 
is calculated, that there are employed about 20,000 peo- 
= In Hinckley alone, 3000 are 
he whole hosiery anifually made 
value of L.1,500,000. ; 
In Nottinghamshire, the stocking-trade is still «more in Notting: 
extensive, as well as valuable, than in Leicestershire, bowehire; 
Besides stockings, stocking-pieces for ‘pantaloons, &c. 
fre made ; and of stockings themselves'a great 
tion are silk. Thread dochtagy'vne MAAN abate 
here in , but, as we before mentioned, 
since the advancenient of the cotton trade, they = 
been ‘entirely superseded by cotton ‘stockings. ‘T 
trade of Noteinghamahire has undergone great fluctua- 
tions, and is by no means at present in a settled stute. 
In the year 1807, which was a “year, it was 
very great in all its branches. Besides stoc and 
pieces, ‘cotton el gi As rape ‘this 
a 
county for some years. are | in great 
quantities to the Mediterranean, 60,000 dozen having 
been sent in one year. Formerly the cotinties border- 
ing on this sea, were supplied from Germany ; but'the 
manufacturers of Nottinghamshire gained — 
of the market, by stipérior industry and attention, ‘and 
smaller profits, Pieeés are also made in ‘the frame, 
which are afterwards cut up into gloves, and exported 
‘to the United States and Canada. All kinds of fleecy 
hosiery are likewise made; but ‘what pri dis. 
tinguishes Nottinghamshire, is its manufacture of lace on 
the stocking-frame. Warp lace was invented in 1804; 
and, in the year 1805, cotton-yarn (for this lace is 
made of cotton) bh ee fine enough to be made 
‘into donble press lace, ‘so much approved, ‘that in - 
‘1807 there were 1200 frames employed ; and in 1808, 
1500. About this time an inferior kind of lace was 
Within these pl hem p has been | for 
‘net silk lace, for veils, &¢. in the making of 
which @ great inany women ate ‘ at 
Castle Do and its'1 in 
tershire, d ant on Nol 
nufactare of De ire is chit 
parts of the county that border on Nottinghamshire, 
and to Litton, near Tideswell. The number of’ frames 
employed, including those on which’ silk and cotton 
stockings are wrought, has been calculated about 1950. 
In all counties, <a aa aan, 
facturers’ are men of” ‘ca <a ron 
of cotton ‘gloves are madé in and Not- 
tinghamishire: woollen are prinel in 
Wales and the north of I Te ey 
Knit stockings are now 
made; though, in the ,.;, 
more hilly or retired ‘of En; A in 
, PRorthr Ridite of Vouusuine 46 
Richmondshire, in the North Ridin ) 
Cumberland, and in the isle of ‘Pu ‘and ‘at Wim- 
ities are made. 
Linen-lace, made by bobbins, is the chief 
ment of the women im the small towns of ’ ' 
hamshire, Bedfordshire, Oxfordshire, Northamptonshire, 
wid in some of Devonshire. Tt is stipposed that 
more lace of this’ kind is ‘made at port ‘Pagnell, 
in the first mentiotred county, than in’ all the rest of 
Lace. 
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