| CHAP. XIt. 
tion, Manners and Customs, Antiquities. 
Tue language of England is radically Gothic, there 
beligs Seca: Gat. cats Ve traced to the 
Celtic, there is no doubt that the original po- 
pulation country was Celtic. From the Euro- 
languages of Latin origin and etymology, the 
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France, the of Edward IIT. 
cectd,m the Ith century, change in ain nem 
ed the Norman Conqueror. haucer in » 
John Mandeville in prose, are su 
hibit the first specimens of what may be termed the 
advances of the language towards regular con- 
eet aettate oe ear were very great ; 
fro of Edward VI. to the reign of 
tis : impos Seeaa-wien ts 
a vapid and very brief sketch of English 
fis shed from the of most of the 
ENGLAND. 
and architecture, England has not made great 
“versities, at Oxford 
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life, Another grand 
is, original 
in the writings of Shakespeare, Milton, Newton, and 
Locke. As istinguished from Scotch literature, 
the literature of E may be characterised as more 
learned, but less metaphysical. 
feature of the English titerature, Statistics 
ius, which shines forth so conspicuously ““y~"" 
Since the days of Newton, England has not been S:ence. 
eminently distinguished for mathematical science ; but 
towards the wonderful discoveries which the present 
has witnessed in chemistry and the physical sciences, she 
has contributed an ample portion. The sciences con- 
nected with the healing art, have made great advances 
in England. © Perhaps our surgeons are not superior to 
those of France, but our physicians are decidedly superi- 
or to the physicians of the continent, in their education, 
manners, professional knowledge, general respectabili- 
ty, rank and wealth. 1 
~ Till'the 18th century, this country had scarcely any Painting. 
native painters of merit ; and it may be added, that it 
has been only during the reign of George III. that this 
art has met with much encouragement, or displayed 
much improvement. Even yet, in painting, ving, 
vances. 
In music, she is still more deficient ; for while almost 
‘nation on the continent, and her sister nations 
every 
' of Ireland and Scotland, have their respective national’ 
music, England is without it. 
Phe higher and middle ranks of English give their paucatioa 
children an expensive; ‘and, in some 
lent education ; ‘but till the institution of Sunday and_ 
the public 
of Eton, Westminster, St Paul’s, Har- 
Winchester. There are only two uni- 
and Cambridge; at chs former, 
classical learning is the favourite pursuit ; at the latter, 
tured with austerity and pride ; great fondness for do- 
mestic life ; a disregard of, and contempt for, show and 
theatrical effect in what they say and do ; anda decided 
preference of comfort to extravagance 
they are distinguished from most other nations, by the 
ion of animal food» which they con- 
sume } favourite liquors are’ale, 
ishing features of the English character, English 
are independence of mind and conduct ; a reserve, tinc- ‘har 
acter, 
In their diet, Food. 
2 and Drink, 
wine ; for lighter wines, even the iNest ranks tines " 
little relish. ‘Tea, which is rately met with on the con- 
tinent, is drank herein iinmense quantities by all ranks 
and classes of people. Their cookery 
particularlysimple: with respect to the latter, it is im- 
ans by their dress, to distinguish the sons of the 
ing from the plainest tradesnien Tlie houses in Eng- 
land. ‘as well'as the persons of the people, bear une- 
i testimony. to their minute and scrupulous re- 
and” dress are press, 
gard. to cleanliness. The prevalent disorders are, con- Diseases. 
sumption, fevers, apoplexy, palsy, and lunacy : towards 
some of those, the An cgedapmig oe the cfintatt evidently 
contributes ; | towar ers, the quantity of. animal 
food and of strong liquors which are consumed. The 
_ of persons, houses,, and. streets, however, 
which.are ev met with,-as well asthe im- 
in‘draining land, which’ have taken place 
ring the lst century, have rendered England a much 
more 
thy country than it formerly. 
‘The Enghsh nobility =a eniiry 6 \ eg im 
tion of their time on their estates in\the'country ; and 
many of them instruct and amuse themselves, as weil 
