; possession 
time stations at Rhodes and Chios. But the growing 
power of Thebes having excited the jealousy of the 
other states, he was called to make head against a for- 
midable of the Mantineans, Athenians, and 
Lacedemonians. 
to retreat by the re- 
-and his son Aeertr pcg 
then hastened to make a similar attack upon Mantinea ; 
but, contrary to his calculations, found it prepared 
Anxious to retrieve his own fame, 
off by the force of the blow, was left in his body. 
Carried to-his tent, he heard without emotion the de- 
w He first asked his attendants if his buckler 
had saved ; and when it was brought, he 
it to his breast as the ion of his exploits, He 
next i event of the battle ; and, 
para saaaemanirsdhibertipss:.«) Mesto: mers otal 
advise A ee are ude a peace!” One of 
his intimate fri lamenting his death, and -his want 
to revive his name; “ you mistake,” 
175 
and instantly expired, B.C. 363. The glory of his- 
_ measure, their former splendour,. 
EPH 
country perished along with him, and his distinguish- 
ing greatness consists in this, that he inspired an ob- 
scure and se with his own exalted senti- 
ments. He has justly been regarded as one of the most 
distinguished characters that any age or nation has ever. 
produced; and was equally eminent as a philosopher, a 
y ssgre a —— e sak virtuous an See 
‘orn. Nepos; Plutarch’s Lives, Agesil. and Pelop. ;, 
Justin, b. ix.; Pausanias and Xenophon’s henna: 
Greece ; Polybius, b. ix.; Diod. Sic. b. xv. and xvi. ;. 
Anacharsis, vol. ii.; Univ. Hist. vols. v. and vi. ; and 
particularly M. de Folard’s. Life of Epaminondas, §c., 
vol. ii. (q) | 
EPERUA. See Panzera, Botany Index. 
EPHEDRA, a s of plants of the class Dicecia, 
and order Monadelphia. See Borany, p. 339, 
EPHEMERA. See Enromorocy Index. 
EPHESUS, a celebrated city of Ionia, and once the 
metropolis of Asia Minor, is affirmed by Pliny, Justin, 
and Orosius, to have been built by an Amazon, whose 
name also it is sup to bear. It was then possess-. 
ed by the Carians and Leleger; but was occupied by 
Androclus, the son of Codrus king of Athens, who con- 
on vac iancten he 
Beige ain who usurped the sovereign power, and 
who 
ourished before the birth of 
Under his successor Pindarus, who ruled with an au- 
thority equally absolute but with moderation, 
Semmes was Ps by Croesus King LA Lydia, who, 
respect to the tute! goddess e place, re+ 
stored to the citizens heie asia: liberty, and confer 
red upon them numerous marks of his favour. . Pin-. 
have again fallen under the dominion of tyrants. Of 
these, hi has mentioned Ath i , Arig. 
starchus, ias, the last of w was expelled 
by Alexander, w he defeated the Persians on the 
banks of the Granicus, and a democracy established in. 
— After his death it passed into the hands of- 
several of his successors, and J zeae: of Lysima-. 
chus, who caused the ancient city to be ed, and, 
built a new town in a more commodious situation, and 
nearer to the of Diana, which was about seven. 
stadia from the walls of the former. From this period, 
the Ephesians were subject to the kings of Syria, till 
the Romans, when pay eve liberty to the Greek states, 
in Europe, extended same privileges to the Greek, 
colonies in Asia. Reinstated in their ancient rights, 
they became the allies of Rome ; but were afterwards, 
pemeiae by Mithridates of pea to take part with 
im against their protectors, even to massacre, 
without distinction, all the Roman cites ee their 
ates. For this barbarity they were sev punished’ 
by the victorious Sylla, who suffered his iers. to live 
upoh them at discretion, and almost reduced them to 
the heavy contributions which he sapepedts 
_ but by the favour which they experienced from the 
future emperors of Rome, they ina 
enjoyed for many. 
Eperua: 
Ephesus. 
