Episcoty. tunities for observation seemed to keep pace with a g 
—y— neral antiety to Doreeeite 
190 EPIZOOTY. 
Svea aad the flyin 
years 1705 and 1711, 4 
chanere or -bubo, which the latest authors denomi- 
nate a real plagwe or murrain, was found to be making 
terrible ravages in Europe. It had been imported by a 
Single infected ox brought info the Venotiatt states from 
Ho and Dalmatia; and it was thence dissemina- 
ted hout the: Roman territory and the kingdom 
of Naples, sweeping away almost the whole cattle in 
its Ie did not reach France until the year 
1714; and, in the same year, having been some time 
valent in Britain, the most vigorous a v4 re- 
pressing it were adopted by government. the ani- 
mals attacked were ae be destroyed, and bu- 
ried deep in the earth, and a compensation allowed to 
those who thus lost their The violence of 
the disease did not subsist above three months, during 
which time the counties of Essex, Middlesex, and Sur- 
rey, lost 5857 cattle, old and young. At this time it 
was observed, that on cows being brought to a pond 
to drink, many became giddy, fell down in convulsions, 
bled copiously at the mouth and nose, and died. Other 
nations suffered more severely ; Piedmont lost 70,000 
cattle; Holland, not fewer than 200,000 ; and the full 
extent of the epizooty throughout Europe, was calcu- 
lated to have destroyed 1,500,000 animals, All these 
i of the infection disseminated by the single 
ox from Hu But the disease was mark- 
ed by considerable distinctions in different countries ; 
and it seems that some of its symptoms bore little re- 
semblance in one place to what were seen in another, - 
Anintelligent German physician, Andrew Goelicke, had 
an opportunity of making many interesting observations 
on anepizooty among black cattle in 1730, which spread 
by contagion ; and the attention of M. De Sauvages of 
Montpellier was soon afterwards directed to a distem- 
among cattle, horses, mules and asses, This was a 
lees of the tongue, degenerating into a cancerous ulcer, 
whereby that organ was almost totally destroyed. The 
commencement and termination of the disease were 
sometimes witnessed within 24 hours. The e of 
the city of Nismes did not escape ; and on looking into 
historical record, several Parisians had apparently been 
affected by a similar complaint, in the year 1571. The 
tongue of the diseased animals now fell to pieces, while 
— and performed their ordinary functions. 
e of the most destructive epizooties known to have 
rope; but for at least ten 
Its. virulence; 
evacuations, _ evan the es fell down as if 
struck by apoplexy. ions covered those which 
perm eben jf saporaton But it was evi- 
dently contagious, and the strongest precautions were 
— to repress the infection. Former experience 
proved, in the history of an epizooty, by Lancisi, 
Tor marmite te ree ene ot Der‘ certsin 
drivers havi pe re fair in Italy, in 
Ey oe « 1718, a ition was issued against holding 
it, meg prevent the dispersion of the cattle. 
However, the drivers rather than be disappointed of a 
market, conducted them by private roads to Rome, and 
sold their cattle ata low price. Inm 
wards, a contagi spread th 
Roman territory, and destroyed 300,01 
withstanding similar precautions now enforcec 
burying the diseased cattle, as well as interdictir 
sale of their flesh, untoward accidents happene: 
if we are to credit the accounts of the times, cor 
vances in the surrounding country. The Marquis de 
Courtivron instituted numerous experiments regarding 
this distemper, from which he concluded that it ex- 
hibited itself on thé fourth day from infection, that the 
ninth was its crisis, and that the contagion could ‘ 
only by direct communication between two animals. — 
Whether this epizooty totally ceased within ten 
years, or, indeed, whether it has ever been completely 
extirpated, may be the subject of dispute. Perhaps thie 
renewal of epidemics is judged to be such, be- 
cause observations are not sufficiently extensive to 
prove that they are always subsisting. In the course 
of the year 1746, a new remedy, inoculation, had been 
attempted at Brunswick, and in an epizooty Which ap- 
siiiedl in Holland during 1755, the same remedy was 
repeated, though with little success, and recommended 
in Britain by Dr Layard, in the year 1757. The dis- 
‘temper in the latter country was considered absolutely . 
similar to the small-pox ; and the infection was said to 
have been brought from Holland by two white calves of 
a favourite breed, or by two skins of diseased animals, 
Whatever was the case, many cattle perished of it, — 
Different epizooties appeared about the same time 
among the cattle, horses, and reindeer of France, Aus- 
tria, Finland, and Lapland. Swine, dogs, and even 
poultry, are said to have been attacked by it. Russia _ 
did not escape ; and, if we can credit the relations given, 
the malady was propagated by the skin of an i 
bear, even to the destruction of mankind. These epi- 
zooties were either or renewed duri aa 
years immediately subsequent, and, if possible, raged 
more extensively among the various genera of animals, 
The horses of Switzerland, the cattle of other countries, 
sheep, and particularly lambs, were swept away in ~ 
thousands. In 1764, dogs were attacked t 
Ep in Spain, and the rest of the fe 
tribes all over Europe, The milk of infected cows 
spread the contagion ; for those animals supplied with 
it were covered with pustules ; and people who suffer= 
ed in the same manner experienced t difficulty of 
deglutition, and burning heat in the throat, : 
or some years, about this period, an epizooty raged 
axiscingiaack cattle of Holland. It firstrasnifested itself 
in the province of Groningen, especially in the village 
of Haren, and spreading insensibly, carried off the whole 
cattle belonging toaneighbouring district. Its attack was 
announced all at once by the animal becoming dull, and 
rejecting drink. Fever and shivering, attended by: a 
— prostration of strength, followed; the ears and 
1orns gtew cold; a cough became unremitting ; a pu- 
rulent matter was di from the nose, and an 
ichorous fluid flowed from the eyes. The hide was 
acs up, and a crackling, like that of parchment, was 
eard on pressure. Sone ene i " 
others by constipation from the fourth to the sixth day 
of the disease, and they died from the second to the 
eleventh day after its commencement. The blood of the 
animals then proved thin; the intestines inflamed 
EEE — 
