Mansions. 
Size of 
Ren. 
Agriculture. 
and the Roddoo, which enters the Thames near Bark- 
ihe state of propert in Essex is such as might be 
expected. from, ta Fichity, to the: sapteapelia, saad the 
enterprising spirit and wealth of its farmers ; for though 
there are a few very extensive estates in the possession 
ge nobility, or some ene ny P individu- 
in no. ter num- 
oles Yule DaeneNs L pce a apr, 
farmers, while near the metropolis is divided 
pt ee mr gee ape jp HT 
the seat. of Bz Wellesley Long: this is one of the largest 
houses.in the kingdom, A -end, the seat of Lord 
Braybrooke, is not more remar for its magnificence, 
seat of the Marquis of ingham ; Thorndon, the 
seat of Lord Petre; and Mistley Hall, the seat of Mr 
y- 
eo eteemmenigunshe Lingipn. when 
agriculture is well understood, and carried on in such 
p Nagpal at once to enrich er grat eget pint 
nation at large, is distinguished for size of its 
farms ; though it would appear from the account of Mr 
Young, that there are not so many large farms now as 
there were in 1767, when he found, in the distxict of 
the hundreds, .some of above £1000, £1500, and even 
£2000 and upwards per annum. One of the are 
farms in the county at present contains 1600 acres, The 
character of the Essex farmers, in general, is highly re- 
spectable, not merely on account of their intimate 
knowledge of their own profession, both in theory 
and practice, but also on account of their general ac- 
quaintance with the sciences and arts connected with 
agriculture. The rent given for land in this county is 
certainly net high, when the general of the 
soil and, climate, and its vicinity to the market, are 
taken into consideration. In. the year 1806, the ave- 
rage of the Roding district was about 16s, an acre ; of 
the second district of West Gracey, 25s.; of the third 
district, 17s. ; of the fourth, 16s.; of the fifth, 17s. ; of 
the sixth, 2is. ; of the seventh, 15s. ; and of the eighth, 
208... At. that time the total rent was estimated at 
£9 16,320, or, on an average of the whole county, not 
more than 20s.an acre. Since that period, rents in 
Essex, as well as elsewhere, have risen considerably, 
but not to the level of other districts ek 0 bighindee 
voured in situation, soil, and climate. The average of 
the poor rates is about 9s. in the pound ; the compesi- 
tion for.tithes, per acre, in 1805, was 4s. 9d.. Leases, 
which formerly were almost universal, latterly have be- 
come by no means general; where they are granted, 
ridiculous .or impracticable covenants, which mi 
have been proper a hundred years ago, are too 
retained, 
saan hie te deine Palen 
ESSEX. PS 
1s of the Sar a fields exhibit some ——— 
best speci ot ean ein eens 
kinds of ploughs have gained a firm 
ing in the county ; the swing and wheel | 
constructed on a better principle, and: lighter 
easier of draught, than are commonly met with in 
England. They are worked commonly with two horses; 
but sometimes with three yoked a- without a 
driver. The other agricultural implements are equally 
simple and well constructed with the plough; none; 
however, require to be noticed as peculiar to Essex, ex- 
the concave roller, and the bean stubble rake, 
ing mills of various kinds are not uncommon; , 
and one horse carts have been lately introduced. 
Essex has long been salochasaledianay the fences Fences. 
generally consist of various kinds of wood ; but. 
are, in most parts, so high and thick, that they 
On all ella es 1 sbils, falhowiig) FeDowing: 
soils, except sound turni y ing F 
is — nen tefl ae on 
w carefully wrought, being frequently ghed 
eight times. It has already been mentioned, that the 
Rooding district consists of strong wet soil ; in this dis- = 
trict a singular rotation is followed, viz. fallow, wheat, 
me barley. In the wees districts, the er 
though various, present nothi iar, except w 
arises from nue ior Reser, wohich will -afs a 
terwards be noticed. | This county has long been famed Wheas 
for the excellent quality of its w which, with that. 
from Kent, always obtains the highest price in the Lon- 
don market. This grain is either sown on a fallow, or 
after beans or clover: in some parts itis drilled and 
horse-hoed. Dibbling it is: also practised, but not to 
any extent. Till very lately, scarcely any spring wheat 
was sown, but now itis gaining ground. The mean 
ferme of the county is about 25 bushels per acre. 
he barley of Essex is also in great demand: it issown Barley. 
either after a fallow on strong lands, or on dry Jand 
after turnips, seldom after beans, pease, or tares. » The 
average produce of this grain is between four and five 
quarters : it is seldom made into bread, even the poor- 
est of the people refusing to eat it, except in timesof ©... ° 
the greatest scarcity. Oats are sowniafter fallow some> Qa;s. 
times, but more frequently after beans, &c.  Tartarian; 
potatoe, Dutch, and black oats, are sown: in some 
parts of the county, the uce is very large: the ave- 
of the whole probably about five quarters. Though 
a large portion of the soil of Essex is suited to beans, Bears. 
pe fp go ON IM ep THT 
extensively, as they t to be: where grown, 
they are ly putin after wheat, sometimes but not 
always dibbled, more frequently drilled ; in both eases 
pone a but horse hocing is neglected: the a 
crop is supposed to be 27 bushels’ per acre. Near the 
is, great quantities of white are SOWN} Pease. | — 
but this erp isnot very common in other part of the ; 
county. There is not much turnip soil in Essex; but Turnips. 
the culture.of this root is well understood whereit can 
be practised: they are generally grown: after searly 
pease ; sometimes, but not usually, Grilled, and fed off 
either with bullocks or sheep: the average price for 
feeding on the land with sheep is £3 peracre. © 
sandind ta strand iexioeoneenane aiamedtio 
from the influence of the sea air. Swedish turnips are 
also grown to a considerable extent, and a few cab- 
bages. Potatoes, which have long been cultivated tov Potatoes. - 
great extent in the northern counties, have 
tively made little progress in the south of Englands 
Essex, however, is an exception to this remark :. here 
