ESSEX. 207 
They all dine, after which he blows three blasts with —_ Easex. 
his horn, and they depart. ‘The custom of the manor 
of Woodford is that called borough English, by which 
the younger son inherits. 
Several men of considerable celebrity have been na- Celebrated 
tives of Essex ; among whom may be mentioned, Phi- men.. 
found. stratum was 10 feet deep. Several stags 
horns were lying above the 
Antiquities. Numerous antiquities have been vered in Essex. 
remains of a Roman villa near Ridgewell. 
Before the dissolution of monasteries, Essex contain- 
ed 47 religious houses. Of these, two were mitred ab- 
still existing in Essex: the most extraordinary is 
well-known custom of the manor of little Dunmow, 
: 
f 
z 
sonage, where 
ner: Heblows three blasts with a horn; carries a hawk 
pram enmebenibr degerey i eer he 
rector; he* receives a chicken for his hawk, a of 
cats for his horse, and a loaf of breadfor his 
lamon Holland, called the translator general of his age: 
he was born at Chelmsford in 1551. Thomas Audley, 
Lord Chancellor of England, in the reign of Henry 
VIL. Samuel Purchas, who and republish- 
ed Hackluyt’s Collection of Voyages and Travels: it is 
well known under the title of “ Purchas’ Pilgrimage ;” 
and Sir Thomas Boe, the first English ambassador to 
the East: the celebrated Alexandrian MS. of the Greek 
Testament was by him into this country. Not 
must Edward Bright, a shop-k of Maldon, be for- 
gotten; few men have: a ter size and 
weight than he; at the age of 12 he weighed 144 
nds. The last time he was wei , about a year 
‘ore he died, his weight was 584 is; his body, 
round the chest, was feet six inches; round the 
pr na Neat tmnt he died at the of 29. 
 Trinobantes inhabited Essex at the time of the 
Roman invasion: had two considerable fortified 
stations—one of which was at Colchester. It is said 
por ine tae chan Bi vr eto aia 
of tes is tribe. When 
omnntur divided ‘ie epitnery”* Ewer” oak tactlgl tt 
that part called Flavia Cesariensis ; the five principal 
stations of the conquerors were all seated on the road 
which formed the fifth Iter, from London to Venta Ice- 
norum. During a certain period of the Saxon Heptar- 
chy, Essex formed aseparate kingdom, called East Seaxa ; 
Erkenwin is supposed to have been the first king 
—_— Essex - a hoticed by beset we 
other kingdoms e heptarchy, 
William ti the Conqueror deprived 90 land-owners, of this 
county, of their lands; and the Norman barons con- 
structed numerous castles, and tyrannised over the in- 
habitants. In the civil wars between the houses of 
York and Lancaster, Essex suffered much from the in- 
terference of the De Veres; and also in Charles I. 
time, during the long siege of Colchester. Former! 
there were 12 castles in this county, four of whi 
were denominated royal castles: there are two remain- 
ing, + ah ace itn? Bd ni in the neigh- 
bou of the latter, Queen Elizabeth reviewed the 
army, which she had assembled to oppose the Spanish 
The population of Essex, in the 
159,200; in 1750, 167,800; and in 1801, 234,000. 
On an average of several years, it is found that 
there has been one baptism to 33 persons; one burial 
to 4% persdns ; and one iage to 128 persons. In 
1810, the s of males were 3792; of females 
3678; total 7470: the burials of males 2807; of fe- 
males 2531: total 5338: the number of marriages 
189%. 
The following further details on this subject are 
taken from the population returns for 1811 :— 
oe houses ‘Qian . . * . . * 42,829 
amilies inhabiting . , 51,645 
Houses noeek ele Keke nese ee 255 
Houses uninhabi Ak at er Reger 1,012 
Families employed in agriculture .. . 28,517 
Do. employed in trade manufactures, &c, 14,182 
Do. otherwise e Per 8,944 
pe gr EC OR 
year 1700, WS Population. 
