E 
oe 
ETC 
wniniiiuie to efficers travelling as. couriers, whether 
ire horses, carriages, or even escorts. When 
(sean a he distance of 80 or 100i i 
: s a dail rt to head q 
such wer gad of cee ere the French etat: 
Wools and 
Varnish. 
Hard var- 
¥ Tn she choice, of ofiinere fon. thia, 
Seen benahabeneetal since the. revolution, to. 
oe cnet Ry Cb 
engineer service. latter requires extent and 
accuracy of paetionsation! nominee foun- 
ed tote 
sta unacg 
Se erate ah pemotoetae atthe heed of a de- 
tachment of horse, The pon the march of a co- 
lumn of i ja a at their hands, 
are accuracy of aco! ce 
with the force placed under their nye 
ies aa ye pane report, The posy 
SScekbomeda 
\e efficacy of 
er wh nar pe of the. 
French have ly owing to the concert 
and. activity which prevailed in their movements, in. 
concurrence with the splendid talents of afew af heir 
) 
oercHING, in. the arts, is a species of engravi 
produced by the-action of an acid, i irenaletheccstonees 
sive menstruum, upon metal, or other substances suscep- 
tible of corrosion. This ern wea ane 
vused, to express iar effect produced upon — 
Staion, Ih the action of dilute. aquafortis, which, ,~ 
peppers pauaptabaga per red sew 
superseded) the use of the graver.. edb a gore } 
plates which ch. are merely etched the effect: 
which.the tool can give in poin 3 but! the: 
lines are not sohdineteds Voorn formed iy. tool; and}. 
imperfect, from the wear: 
soon become 
of the plate i In order, therefore; 
tobe:enabled:to take off a number of proof.im- 
pressions, the etched lines should be) cut deeper by: 
per Othe joint eflect of the ay te von > 
y' 
Pe teetend efisteanaillgttreniiehtecabo cmt 
Py the tal othe etched ines, ‘witha Ioneunings thet 
ane -ap wae taketh Steeda ee 
same way as thowe fr The substances, and: 
the whole surface Proce, re Se @ vari to 
cover to 
ing needles, which, should: be made of. cast steel wire, 
about 1-16th; of an inch in diameter. A’ variety 
of! 
these are points of different de of 
bluntness. e varnish is of two kinds, hard:and soft;. 
the former was in use in the early periods of: the his- 
tory of this art, when etching ie ditesdest noencci 
po oneal a8 an : ack of 
not guide the graver with i “The soft 
td oc the pes employed, more caleu- 
The varnish is. prepared as fol- 
lows: "Take equal parts-of drying oiland mastic: The: 
Q1y 
ETC 
oil should,.be prepared from lintseed oil, and 
fo till it acquires a certain degree. of viscidity, under 
which it is said, by painters, to-befat.. The oil should 
be heated ‘ina. stoneware pipkin,. with a sand heat, 
andthe mastic added. in pow The heat must now 
be kept up, and the mixture; stirred, till. the whole of 
the, mastic is dissolved, and the compound: becomes.an 
uniform fluid. While yet hot, let it be strained through 
a fine linen bag, and bottled for:use. 
The following is the preparation: of the: soft var- 
nish, as, recommended. by Le: Boffe: Take:two-parts of: 
clear white bees’ wax, od melt. it ina stoneware:vess 
powder, two, of mniastic: > let it wares bidualin 
stirred all the: time, and till it is: thoroughly melted. 
Next add one part of asphaltum. in\similar powder, stir-. 
ring as before, till, it is, completely dissolved. Let the: 
liquid, now cool, but not to: lose its fluidity. Pour it 
. into warm water, and. mould it: with the hands: into 
sticks, or balls, for-use. 
rst aoa e whole lislod stirred. till: the: solution is 
complete, Tt is now poured into warm water, and 
- into pens ety use. sonplecwciontatat 
e copper- ing pre an 
clean, insabe by th the patioe in a hand vice, tony 
will serve asa handle. It is:now to: be heated:over'a 
glowing uniform fire, or what will be better, laid: upow 
flat-plates of metal heated by a:sand bath., This heat 
must be so great as to:melt tlie soft varnish, For this 
punpnses: one of the balls or sticks; above-mentioned, 
must be wrapped in a piece of taffety. It isnow to be 
drawn over the hot plate in successive stripes, till it is 
completely. andi uniformly covered. Still, however, the 
varnish, will exhibit numerous ridges in the direction in 
which)the; ball was drawn overthe plate: This will be 
remedied: by what is called adabber, which is formed by 
wepnne =: ball\ of cotton wool in a piece -of  Persiar: 
rng — the irom is <_ melted upon ~ one 
is perpendicul. u the plate, 
sxuth idiot en the: same cieocions This will give 
the» poor ‘an uniform smoothness. Ianmedintely alter 
this, the: plate\is to be: placed: with its: varnished ‘side 
downwat 
it, — at such a distance as to smoke the plate with- 
ow the: varnish. The: smoke; which is*no. 
am: 
a a Pp black, becomes i ‘with the 
varnish, making: it completely black, by. which: means’. 
any lines transmitted ‘to: it, ‘ot’ wlightes slincey are’ ren- 
dered more conspicuous: 
The next object is to transfer the desi 
of, the varnish,. which-is afterwards to 
copper. Two methods: are employed; an outline, 
yand a imation ar large candle, held'under » 
Etching. 
Le Boffe’s 
soft varnish. 
ect, 
rhe 4 paid, The sot cr men Mr’ Wilson Lowry. oa ae Lowry’s 
Method of 
laying on 
the ground 
or varnish. 
to the’surface Method of 
etched in the transferring 
or the 
drawing, of the intended size, is first prepared in: black 1 fo ox ger 
lead pencil:orred)chalk. This, after being made damp *" 
by. lying between two sheets’of wet pa me te is laid upon. 
the plate with the drawn side downwards, and mr 
sed through press.. This’ will give'a’reversed 
impression of every line of the drawing upon the surface 
of the varnish ; so. thatthe intended print willibe the 
same as the drawing. 
The-other meth a wee 
plate; is: py covering: the 
red lead; b 
off-again 
the’outline’ to the 
‘the’drawing with 
rubbing’ om witha:cushion, and rubbing it: 
tilLit ee the fingers’ men This it 
