Divisens. 
British isles. 
Peninsulas. 
Mountains. 
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urope no great 
ivided by the 
north and south of that sea. On the north of the Baltic, 
are the northern or Scandinavian kingdoms, Denmark, 
Norway, and Sweden. The extensive empire of Russia, 
occupies the remainder of ape terial F 
, France, Holland, and 
many. And in the centre of Europe are situated most 
of the German states, Prussia, Poland, Switzerland, Bo- 
hemia, Hungary, &c. During the violent and extraor- 
dinary convulsions which for the last twenty years have 
itated and desolated this division of the globe, it has 
atten been difficult to say what were the limits, or who 
were the masters of many of its states and kingdoms ; 
but now that the storm has subsided, they are again re- 
turning to nearly their former boundaries, their former 
governments, and their former institutions. 
The E islands are numerous, and some of 
them extensive and highly important. On the west in 
the Atlantic Ocean, are the Azores, situated about thir- 
teen west of 
ee classed under Africa, they more 
perly 
which they were fpr erm to which they have always 
been subject. The 
belonging to the crown of Denmark. 
island of Iceland, subject to 
es i lying about 400 miles from the con- 
tinent in Western Ocean ; and numerous other but 
unimportant islands on the Norwegian'coast. In the 
great Northern Sea, the chief and most extensive are 
the remote and dreary and almost uninhabited islands 
of Nova Zembla and Spitzbergen. In the Baltic Sea, 
are the islands of Denmark, Zealand, the chief seat of 
the Danish monarchy, Funen, Laland, Talster, Born- 
holm, &c. ; the islands of Rugen, Oeland, Gothland, 
and Aland, be ing to Sweden ; and those of Cron- 
stadt, Oesal, Dago, subject to Russia. In the Me- 
diterranean, are the islands of Majorca and Minorca, of 
Corsica and Sardinia, the and fertile island of Si- 
‘cily, Malta, Candia the ancient Crete, N t the 
ancient Eubcea, with the numerous other islands of the 
contains numerous peninsulas. Some of its 
finest and most celebrated are peninsular. Be- 
sides innumerable others of lesser extent and import- 
ance, we may notice Crim-T: in the Black Sea ; 
the peninsulas of Greece and of taly in the Mediter- 
an ; i contained between ‘the 
Mediterranean and the ic; and Jutland, formed 
merger —y the Baltic. We may include also 
Scandinavia, w is a large la formed 
by the Baltic and the Northern Ocean. 
The mountains of Europe do not form ridges of such 
vast extent as those of Asia, and are much~ in 
height to those in Thibet and in South America, Of 
The large and 
renaaapte gs cre tb Oe Seatidina 
Ses i “The vian chain. 
cliynthinpal ike apetendas Bawerans very accu- 
rately ascertained ; but they do not equal the Alps, or 
even the Pyrenees. The grand and extensive ri 
he Yhsirmageare eerie gees! oe: - 
form, from the mountain of Javornick, south of Silesia, niountains. 
bounds H on the north and east, and sends off 
branches to Transylvania and Wallachia. — Its 
circuit may be about 500 miles; and the highest | 
mits of these mountains do not 
feet. river seer a oo PB 
the d range of the Hemus, ing from Emi 
to south of Servia, a tract of 400 miles, known un- ¥ 
der various names. From the western extremity of 
the Hemus branch off two other extensive chains, one ‘ 
running between Dalmatia and Bosnia ; the other pass- 
ing south, a —_ mountains of wom | f 
the west % Appenines, ae Appenines. 
mont from the sea, and por meas oe ¢ 
Vanantenctetenhet aie iedaeeee vases " 
of Europe, mount itna, in Sicily, claims the first dis- 
tinction. The other voleanoes are those of mount Ve- 
suvius near N. and mount Hecla in Iceland. The 
islands of Lipari, to the ‘north of Sici » also contain 
a eee 
Hemus. 
ent esl 
which prove a usefuul source of industry and subsistence 
tothe inhabitants. To the north of Europe lies:the Arctic See. 
Arctic Ocean, extending over , the 
this enormous , barren waste a 
fertile source of provisions for the human race. Here 
the vast and innumerable tribes of herrings 
