FEU 310 
on the part of the vassal, by some service or payment. 
By the natwralia feudi, is understood whatever arises 
eer reatiaeh ter venice ided, These, 
of it, al not v 
et phe dere. be ton re Freu the will of the 
parties, without destroying the feudal contract. The 
accidentalia feudi depend entirely on the convention of 
ies, and are never presumed, but must be the sub- 
Jee or stipulation. See the Consuetudines Feu- 
dete; te of Regiam Magistatem; Craig, De 
Feudis ; Exskine’s Inst. of the Law of Scotland, b. ii. 
em. te 
FEUDAL, ise term used to denote thi —s 
ity, in regard to tenures and, which was 
ew ee gedend, ot ca early period, among the 
states of modern 
The origin of the feudal system is involved in con- 
sidentbile ohecurity. Some writers pretend to have dis- 
covered traces of it among the Romans; while others 
have attempted to deduce its origin from the usages of 
the ancient Germans and Gauls. But in referring to 
the early history of Europe, we shall be to 
trace it, in a more natural and satisfactory manner, to 
the us, es those meee German nations, who 
overrun the provinces of the empire, and esta- 
blished themselves in the conquered territory. Among 
these, the or Lombards, are generally be- 
lieved to have laid the foundation, or, at lenot, hats 
made the earliest im ty Nett thes cetgiaal 
system. That tribe, having earl ir origi 
seats in the northern parts of y, after many 
migrations, seized upon upper Italy, and established 
the kingdom of Lombardy, about the year 568. In 
order to enable them to secure their conquests, they 
found it expedient to divide the conquered country 
their chief captains, reserving the iority to 
their king; and these captains, ing what 
they deemed sufficient for themselves, out the 
remainder among a lower rank of officers, under the con- 
dition of fidelity and military service. The policy of 
this system was so nye ee approved of in that mi- 
prot by 4 that even after the overthrow of the mo- 
narchy of the Lombards in Italy, it was adopted by 
Charlemagne, and eventually by mest of the princes 
of Europe. It was introdueed into England by Wil- 
liam the Conqueror, who, with the view of keeping his 
English subjects under complete subjection, divided 
all the lands of England, with very few exceptions, 
into baronies, which he distributed, according to the 
feudal fom among the most considerable of his Nor- 
man adventurers. ~ 
The period of its introduction into Scotland is un- 
certain. It must be observed, however, that the word 
Feudum is not to be found, either in the laws of the 
Lombards, or even in the constitutions of Char) e, 
in all of which beneficium is the term uniformly pene 
ed to a feudal grant. 
F were originally precarious, being re- 
sa of ter ; but Pen dis 
for life. During this 
rest, in an ion which he undertook to Italy, in 
the year 1036, extended feudal succession to grand- 
sons, and even, in the collateral line, to brothers, in 
FEZ 
the case of a feudum anti 
stitution paved the way 
feudal tenures. 
The feudal law had early received considerable im- 
provements from the numerous constitutions, both of 
the Lombard kings, and of and his sue. 
cessors ; yet its principles were but known, as. 
these constitutions were not for some time collected 
into one body. In order to obviate this inconvenience, - 
the Em Frederick, surnamed Barbarossa, directed 
an institute of the feudal system and usages to becom- 
piled, about the year 1170, which was entitled Con~ 
i} maka papel ange ing sae sis obit, 
vels, in almost itions juris civilis. 
This collection, in 00 for a it ia the wenkint peivate 
hands, does not appear : 
ceptions in fuvour of in certain cities 
has not been acknow by any other state ; every 
ingdom having received the institution with 
ifications, and formed for itself such a of. 
feudal Jaws as best accorded with its own particular 
constitution... (=) Ye 
FEVER. See Mepicrine. ' <i a 
FEZ, or Fas, the capital of the ancient ki of 
that name in Western , was founded about the 
185th year of the Hegira (A. D. 786,) by Idris a de« 
scendent of Mahomet, who had fled from Medina to 
of the town lies very low, and in the winter season 
wet and dirty, and at all times rather unhealthy.» 
2 
2 
F 
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: 
; 
lle 
Ee 
SS ss 
g 
8 
2 
if 
i 
E 
2 
i 
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i 
ly deli 1, abounding in all sorts of 
fruits and odoriferous flowers. Old Fe 
ighly celebrated for its ancient splendour ; i 
to have contained 62 market places, 86 public foun- 
tains, 200 streets} 600 mosques,"and 200 bridges over 
br 
zg 
canals and branches of the river. | now greatly 
reduced, it is still the most cel city in West 
ee cee ae 
of Morocco, it is mete me weer eg a 
cious and lofty 
; of the family. The portals are: supported: by pillars of 
Perr covered with plaster ; pre ks > uaa ma 
use, is an open square surrounded by a gallery, 
mil communes with the asad in Thos 
e ie di nt’ nts 
doors are wide and lofty, made of carved: 
’ ‘ ‘ar Ce 
; ue se 
This: celebrated con- Fever, | 
‘the hereditary descent of Pee” 
—_—_—— 
or 
ee my Oe 
———— 
ene sw ee 
ae ag 
dts 
