. 1x. 
and L. F. Cassa’s Travels in Istria and 
) 
IXED Sovunn of M. Sauveur. About the begin- 
ning of the oe century, the author above named took 
denominated the fii 
just 100 complete vibrations in one second of 
time. Now the tenor cliff C being a minor tenth (,f,) 
above this A, we have 1200+5=240 for the vibra- 
-tions of this C, which being also the result of several 
modern si eg on this subject, (see our article 
Concert Pircn,) we have always used this pitch in 
calculating vibrations and beats in our work. 
M. Sauveur also proposed another fixed sound or 
pitch, which has since been adopted by Dr Thomas 
Young, and some other writers, in which an imaginary 
C, eight octaves below the tenor cliff C, should make 
ly one vibration per second ; and consequently the 
latter would make 256 vibrations, which is to 240 as 
-16: 15, shewing that the former pitch is just a major 
itone higher than the latter one in present use ; and 
that for the mere purpose of simplicity of description, 
_an erroneous idea of the actual pitch has thus been con- 
veyed to the student, but which future writers may 
.avoid, by representing the fixed sound 1 per sound, as 
belonging to Dp, eight octaves below that, which is the 
next above the tenor-cliff C. 
FLAME. See Cuemistry. 
FLAMSTEAD, Jonny, a celebrated astronomer, was 
county of Derby, on the'T9th of August 1646, though 
county on 1 A t 1646, althou, 
others maintain that he was born in the town of Derby. 
The registers of both of these parishes were examined 
in order to ascertain this point, but his birth does not 
seem to have been registered, probably on account of 
the commotions which at that time agitated England. 
His father resided at Derby, and he received his classi- 
cal education at the free school of that place. At the 
age of 14, a severe illness obliged his friends to take him 
home, where the accidental perusal of Sacrobosco’s tres 
tise De Sphera inspired him with a passion for astrono- 
my. Bymeansof the Caroline tables, published by Street, 
he was instructed in the method of antag - eclipses, 
and the of the planets, One of hi bo Bc iid 
of an eclipse, procured him the friendship of Mr Ema- 
nuel Halton, residing at Wingfield manor, who was 
well acquainted with the mathematics, and who sup- 
astronomical 
plied young Flamstead with the best, 
works then extant, among which were Riccioli’s Alma- 
gestum Novum, and Kepler's. ine Tables. With 
these aids he made rapid advances in the knowledge of 
Brou r, : 
titled, “An Account of such of the 
lestial Phenomena I oat al 167 
cuous in the ish Horizon.” 
. 
purchased . 
lescopes, a micrometer, and several other instruments 
with which he had not been provided. After leaving 
London, he entered himself a student of Jems 
Cambridge, where he became acquainted with Dr Barrow 
and Sir Isaac Newton. Ass soon as he returned to Derby, 
he resumed his astronomical studies, In 1671, sane 
to the Royal Society calculations of the appulses of 
moon to several fixed stars, for the year 1672; and about 
the end of the same year, he transmitted another com- 
munication, containing his observations on the ans@ of 
the planet Saturn, wae Sieh Selene the largest of 
nm th 
which was fourteen feet long, same year, 
observed, bah gl rem gin 2 ed to th 
recedin, » tive position of prin- 
, stamp inn the iade eel taornned ae : 
cultation by the moon in the subse tient. year, In 
1673, he composed a treatise on true and appa. 
rent diameters of the ts, which Sir Isaac Newton 
employed in the 4th book of the WM bal When he 
was in London in 1674, Sir Jonas More having inform- 
ed him, that a true account of the tides would be acce 
table to the king ; he composed a small emeéria fon Bis 
snajeety’s Be Me likewise recomn enced Dimanite 
e royal favour, by presenting to his Majesty a pair of 
becacoeteas with the method of ing them. i 
resolved to enter the church, Mr Flamstead was 
ed by Bishop Gunning in 1675, but several years | 
sed before he ined any preferment. Th 
was prevailed upon, in 1676, to found the royal « 7 
was p) ipon a led 
tered 
stead directed almost the whale of his attention to prac- 
tical astronomy. By means of the best instruments of 
the lunar motions with grea 
fe Co o the wishes of editi 
ore, . Contrary to wishes amste ait 
of his Nai de was published in 1712, by eee 
in one volume folio; but as. he would never acknow- 
ledge this work as his own, he a edition 
of it, but before its « piecing ey the 73d year of 
on the 31st of De 
age. ; 2 dA tip : 4 
Mr. Flamstend wan scimilted smsemaber of the: Pia 
BVM yt a ee 
