: ji 
i 
FORTIFICATION. 
enemy not be tem to attack them first. If 
eT As adh witllotaihaehs if not, 
it must have a revétement. The souterrains of the ci- 
rit 
= 
lie 
Fs 
iE 
= & 
ul 
Tia) 3 
HUGE 
497 
tified, and the entrance of the canal or river into the 
covered with demi-lunes, lunettes, &c. It will 
found most advantageous to let the river or canal 
issue from the place at the curtain. 
Ifa fortress be situated on a hill, the rampart should 
be constructed so as to enfilade the declivity of the hill 
as much as possible, dent of the outworks. 
ch fortresses are Kram esciowe but very strong. 
the situation of the place be in a moor, or ground 
any way i ble, it is still more easily fortified, par- 
ticularly if there be a command of wate A reser? el 
ceinte with demi-lunes before the gates, will in general 
be sufficient for such a place; but if there is a more 
easy access on any side, it is to be covered by stronger 
works. These ou’ s ought to have the gorge en- 
closed by a wall with loop-holes. 
When a fortress has a plain on one side, and a moor, 
height, or impassable marsh on the other, the side most 
to attack should be nearly a straight line, while 
towards the other may have a considerable degree 
of curvature. With to the works on 
each side, the observations we have already made will 
be found useful ; o 2 tiga ote pre 
can be given, a great must in e case depend 
on the skill and i of the i Fewite be 
observed in pithy hewetvte that ifications on un- 
equal eminences, or on eminences and plains, are al- 
ways disadvantageously placed ; but when it is neces- 
sary to construct them on such places, the side most 
— to attack should have as open bastions as possi- 
; and if such sides have eminences in front parallel 
to them, or nearly so, it will be necessary, in many 
cases, to oceupy vdeo niente by detached forts and 
other strong works. 
acengpA (ag Sees mn Aor sea coast, the side 
next the sea may against a coup de main, 
a single enceinte, or by strong detached woe Whe 
ha place in at a distance from the sea, but communi- 
cates with it by means of a long canal, forts are to be 
these are general ‘sloced Sa au vhde ake. 
are ly at the ends of dams or dikes, 
and so formed as readily to enfilade the canal or its 
bank. | If the forts ean be approached by vessels, they 
ought to be of , and the guns mounted upon 
them should be 36 They ought also, in this 
case, to possess the means of making red hot balls. 
SECT. IL. 
Temporary or Field Fortifications. 
Sucu is a general sketch of the modern system of 
anent fortification, or the construction of fortresses 
that are to be ly used as of i 
We shall now to consider most ved 
plan of field fortification, or the construction of tempo- 
rary works for protecting an army, or a detachment in 
the field. 
Permanent 
Fortifiea- 
_ tions. 
Fortress on 
a hill. 
In a moor 
or marsh. 
On the sea 
coast. 
As field works. are constructed of the same materials, Giewiiwe 
and intended for a time to servethe same 
tresses, many of the ~ cr 
in the construction latter, are applicable 
to the former. The —— of” each Saas Te an 
earthen mound, with a ditch before it, and the only dif- 
ference, therefore, between them, is in the form, size, 
and number of works. The first’ object in field fortifi- 
it Ig ERE os = mmr a 
most capacious at a given expence. ing de~ 
fence should be as much as possible employed, and the 
flanked parts within the range of musket shot, that is 
2 BR 
as for~ of field 
principles laid down above ¥o'ks- 
