FORTIFICATION. 
Field its moyements by the aid of fortifications ; and, in this 
ortifiea- Case, whole lines, or connecting works, are te be con- 
gues |, in which advantage is always to be taken of 
the natural impediments offered by the ground, so as 
“to these works as much as circumstances 
- 
ay . 
= those which are connected, and which form whole lines, 
are also of use, where any place is to be covered by a 
connected line ; and, in this case, it is more advantage- 
ous than works, The latter possess these 
advantages, ver, that they allow. the free 
movements ; they do not require so many men 
or even three, be formed of them, and then they 
allow:a s than connected lines.. The 
to be in ing lines, is that which 
most: the use of all: kinds of fire-arms; 
different figures ; 
PLATE 
Different engineers have proposed 
' ecLvin, but what to us the most advantageous, is that 
ees 
) Of detached d works possess in many cases, as we have 
works. already said, advantages over connected lines, 
and are. in times ly Where 
a part of a country, however, has been com) ly in- 
closed i 7 a 
F good profile, made as strong by the impediments of’ 
| Redoubts. ground as ‘circumstances itd permit. Of 
works, three lines of redoubts are the most advan 
as th 
il 
Fie 
: 
H 
i 
Fortification — Should it that a small post is to be defended 
sess otsuek of tho -dcmngy tnt 
: thei ir ; 
508 
and, if possible, strengthened by fortifying it. A single 
house, when it has no stone walls, may be fortified in 
the following manner: The walls may be strengthen- 
ed by boards in the inside, or by rafters applied as in 
blockhouses, or, if these are’ wanting; by making a 
ditch round it, and: using’ the earth'to strengthen the 
wall. The doors and windowsare fortified with boards, 
and barricaded. Loop-holes: are “every where made, 
but in such a direction that the enemy cannot reach ~ 
them with his firelocks; so as to fire into the inside of 
the house. If there is no ditch round it, other impedi- 
ments are to be made use of, to hinder the enemy from 
approaching close to the wall. The roof is broken 
down, and all combustible matter covered with earth. . 
and rubbish, to defend the house from an attack from 
above, which might otherwise be executed by lad-« 
ders 
Field 
Fortifica- 
tions, 
—_———_ 
~ Im a stone house, the walls will generally be strong 
enough, or, if not, they are to be p as above. 
The same is also to be observed respecting the windows 
and the roof; and, if possible, it is to be made shell 
proof from above. The doors are either barricaded, or 
defended by a tambour constructed before them, to have 
a flanking fire. 
A church-yard, a farm, or an estate, is fortified in a Ofachurcl:- 
similar manner; but, if surrounded by a wall, either yard, &c.: 
loop-holes are made through it, or, if too high, a kind 
of scaffolds, called ech ages, are to be erected, ser- 
ving for the soldiers to stand upon while firing. The - 
church, or the building‘on an estate, are then erally 
used as a corps fet hee and made'shell proof, Fy kes: 
ing down the and the uppermost story, and using 
it to cover the . ‘The doors, and particularly 
the corners of the wallsround such a place, are gene« 
rally covered by tambours ; but, if time its, Hees 
niers, and other impediments to the advancing of the - 
enemy, are made use of. The street, and es, lead- 
ing towards them, are generally made impracticable 
by old or broken carts, harrows, boards with nails, 
wheels, &c. All the houses in the neighbourhood, 
which may. be advan for the enemy, or which 
may favour or cover his approach, are levelled, and the 
rubbish of them used to strengthen the walls. The - 
trees, near such a place, if , are hewed down or - 
sawed off, that even not a single rifleman may approach - 
covered by any of these parts. 
A small, or country town, if surrounded by a wall, is Of a small - 
fortified in‘a similar manner ; but echafaudages are ge. town. 
pm used behind eaten = i some nage ay 
iers are oyed, one firin loop-holes 
and the other man walls. : 3 
Guns are placed wherever their fire is of the best ef- 
fect. The are barricaded, and covered by impe- 
diments which hinder the enemy from advancing there 
to attack them ; besides this, they are covered by tra- 
verses, and a flanking fire is established before them, 
if possible. Only such parts of the gates as are essen« 
ially to be open for the communication are 
not barricaded, but strongly defended. Every thing 
is to be done that may render the interior communica- 
tion better and more easy, by means of sufficient pas- 
sages ; but, on the contrary, every means is to be used 
for obstructing the enemy’s advance, 
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