|, oF to cover troops. si 
Cavaliers of the trenches are traverses 10 to 12 fect 
3 
| 
: 
F 
5 
& 
& 
it, in order to enfilade the covered 
drive its garrison out of it. There are steps 
which to 
oaches and paral 
the capital, and its prolongation in the 
principal line for the construction of alt 
plan of the fortress, these capital lines 
first parallel Jaid down at about 600 
.. 
b 
FF 
iy 
i] 
E 
E 
ang 
i 
| ere 
Rs 
Ey 
= 
7 
3 
is next determined, in such a manner, that the 
its zigzag are as near to the capital line as pos~ 
and that they form the shortest unenfiladed way to 
parallel. The nearer the trenches come to the place, 
eee ees ea ee 
proaches ; but the longer time will be taken in approach- 
the fortress. Tine pest of the a which is 
the most distant from the fortress, is called the tail, and, 
on the contrary, that which is the nearest to it, the head 
of the approaches, “3% 
The first and second parallel, when a fortressis not very 
priate Strong,’ are generally like those represented in Fig. 2 ; 
cCLIX. but if the polygon which is attacked. -be well fortified, 
5 rE 
Form. 
Fig 2 Fig, 1. is preferred: ‘The third parallel is generally con- 
structed at the foot of the glacis, and a fourth is some- 
times also necessary, 
Different The figure of the parallels, as well as the approaches, 
kindsof bat- being thus laid down, the places of the batteries-are next 
tcries. determined. Thereare three different kinds of batteries, 
viz. and breaching batteries. 
The former serve to dismount or so to damage 
them, or the parapet before » that they must be 
vation, by which the shots roll the inside of the 
parapet. Breaching batteries serve to make breaches in 
a work, or to destroy a part of its revetement, rampart, 
or other inclosure, in such a manner that it may be ate 
sa 8 and mounted ae little or no difficulty. 
ricochetting batteries are erally placed at the 
first or second parallel, in such a manner that they may 
enfilade the faces and flanks of all the works on the front 
which are attacked, and even some of the next, as also 
the covered way, and the works situated before it. They 
are therefore constructed in their prolongation of these 
lines. The dismounting batteries 
ead 9t;the second and thind paralioles or. between beth; 
and are parallel to such works as they are intended to 
annoy. 
hyn aheeneal wate ote 
; are sti when 
crest of the covered wa nee oa — 
possible, ing batteries serve to enfilade the 
lines, in the prolongation of which they are placed. This 
consists in firi saacenasoblonarie i ele- 
angle of theglacis, about | 
FORTIFICATION. 
ved toweninsbe wowing If possible, a a a Ra, a 
remains 24 hours in the trenches, and is 
to be as numcrons as possible; and 
tice of every shot of the garrison, 
secure himself. Ca 
of the trenches is commanded by a bu 
this, the major of the trenches has the ‘immediate 
intendence of them, and of the police there. He shews 
each battalion its place, and gives every: commander his 
of 
ton, 
proper instruetions.. He generally has two to four as- . 
sistants, and is always accompanied 
a pend Fit Pa 
market, to order the provisions, and to see & proper 
of cleanliness is observed in the trenches.) 
All works which are to be constructed in one night are 
previously determined, and. i ions given, 
est possible dispatch.» The engineers, and all overseers 
of the workmen, are therefore in particular to be well in- 
structed. t ' 7% 4 ie “ears 
The first part to be executed in the plan of an attack 
is the opening ‘of the trenches, which is done as follows. 
The workmen, and the men ordered to cover them, or 
ied by some orderlies, to 
~san Son 
the 
afterwards the guard of the trenches, are to-collect inthe 
most secret manner, in the evening, at some place not 
far distant from that where the attack is to be made. As 
soon as dark, about 200 to 300 of the best men are sent 
towards the fortress to draw a line, or to compose a chain 
of posts parallel to the front of the attack towards the 
fortress. After these soldiers, who must all be men jin 
whom the confidence can be placed, and who are 
to be cautioned not to make the least noise, and to see 
that-no one shall desert, follow the engineers, each at 
the head of a file of workmen. ee 
another, observing | strictly the movements of i 
neer, who marches on the line which is to be years 
his file during the night. Rg) vraag wT 
The workmen being thus conducted to their stations, 
and his as~ 
Each 
been 
ways to be taken, however, that there be not so many 
men as to cause confusion, and therefore it is better to 
employ no more than are absolutely necessary. All the 
