Tt will be also an advantage, if these batteries can be 
regularly traced, and constructed by such a number of 
may as be fully employed during the time they are 
hours, this will forward the work very much, and consi- 
derably lessen the time usually required. 
Oper ing of As soon as the ricochett batteries are finished, and al- 
vee rieoshett 50 the first parallel, the fire of these batteries is to begin. 
Not a gun, however, is to be fired from any of them till 
they are completely finished, lest they should attract the 
enemy's fire ; as this would molest the workmen, and on- 
lygive rise to confusion, which might occasion the total 
struction of a battery, or the dismounting of its ord- 
same time from one battery, that the enemy may always 
be in a state ofalarm. The artillerymen on one battery 
are divided into certain parties, one of which always 
serves the guns. An officer has the inspection of each 
: , to observe its effect, to correct its levelling, and 
to make such repairs as may be readily done at the mo« 
ment, but which, if neglected, might lead to more serious 
consequences. Every officer, therefore, is to be made 
answerable for the effect, and the accidents in his bat- 
tery. 
Approaches Alier finishing the parallels and the batteries, those 
peep! places on the parallel are to be determined from: which 
i the approaches shall commence. An opening is then cut 
in the parapet of the parallel where the workmen are pla- 
ced to cut out the approaches, covered in a similar man- 
ner as in the first night. The soldiers serving to guard 
these workmen are, if necessary, covered by woolsacks, 
which they carry with them, and which, being about the 
height of three feet, will cover a man completely. 
— pa The second parallel is constructed exactly, in the same 
aie manner as the first ; but the work being much more dan- 
gerous, from its being nearer the fortress, it.ought to be 
executed with the greatest possible secrecy and dispatch. 
If any part of the parallel has been left unfinished during the 
night, it should be done the following day, or, at farthest, 
in the course of next night. After this, the approaches 
towards the fortress are continued in the same manner as 
before. Poy ye 
If any point peculiarly favourable to the: construction 
of ni batteries should occur, advan is to be ta- 
ken of it, even in preference to those which it had been 
previously proposed to raise. All sallies made by the 
garrison are to be met by the guard of the trenches, while 
the cavalry is endeavouring to cut off the enemy's re« 
treat. The guns on the batteries should always have 
grape-shot ready, and as soon as an attack of the enem 
is perceived, should be fired at those parts against which 
the attack is directed. 
er agh es In order the better to observe the motions of the ene« 
diemounting Y? the ground before the parallels should be illumina- 
baieries, ted either by fires, or by light-balls. The third parallel 
is the next part to be constructed ; or if it lies too near 
the enemy, the dismounting batteries are first to be con- 
structed. The proper situation for these is either before 
Third pa- 
FORTIFICATION. 
they are completely ready in ¢ 
spect; but when once opened, a. constant. 
be kept up, and the guns should be. fired. 
time, in order to cause as much confusion as. 
the place. 
‘ie 
As the construction of -works between the.second, pa- Nature 
rallel and the place is very dangerous, an ingenious. mee raed 
thod has been devised fox covering. the workmen by “?? 7 
This consists in placi ions 
means of the 
sappe, viz. the flying sappe, where all the baskets are ™ethods of 
placed at once by a number of men, and then filled as xappem 
soon as possible; the half sappe, where all the baskets 
are placed at once, but filled successively ; and the com 
plete sappe, where the baskets are placed successively, so 
that the man who places one. fe cones by ats Fes 
ceding one, or by a large bag, or a basket full of e 
rolled before him, Instead of the basket, or sack full of 
earth rolled before the men, a blind or board resting on 
two small wheels, with a thill, is made useok,. 
The flying sappe may be made by common wor 
and also the half sappe ; but, in. cting the com« 
plete sappe, men called sappers must ade RA who 
are particularly acquainted with this business. Of these 
men, asappe will require fi Se itn teenie 
the baskets, and partly fills them with earth, he 
digs a ditch behi sham 108. es deep, and two wide. 
He also places small bundles of rods, fascines, or sand< .._. 
bags, between every two baskets. The cgotaie af 
low him en’ the fosse half a foot in depth, and. 
much in 7 These four men take each others 
successively, and are relieved every two to four 
new ones, This work can be conducted by night as.¥ 
as in the day-time ; but not more Soa, ties oe 
: ; 20 to 30 
yards can be completed in one day... 
- 
wit 
core pa eames er 
‘shed by thei ‘ve denna ed and kinds of 
the pansies ype The first has baskets filled with ‘Ppes- 
earth, or a parapet, only on one side; the second has a 
parapet on both sides ; and the third has not only a pas 
rapet on both si also a shell-proof covering. 
The the simple sappe has been al 
explained. The sappe is constructed, by mak 
two simple ones le each other ; and ieanrent 
iy is generally deepe 
good phcten ea cng which at the 
is not constructed, but Perallel 
parals not used. 
The third: 
