FORTIFICATION. 
' If this lodgement be practicable for receivi iy 
it is directly to be occupied, and this ‘het ascieats : 
day-break at latest, that the men may not suffer too mu 
tions fom the fire of the eye iatel! ap ee ro 
\—————_ ments are most expeditiously formed sand-| 7 
How to be Wr paekeals Woo be repulsed, if the lodgemen 
ae to 5 t nm or if the t 
renewed if has not been made in such a way as to be occupied by 
fal at first. the men, and if they have been compelled to leave it, 
the attack is to be renewed as before. If any - 
hensions are entertained of the enemy’s mines, it will be 
to send the miners to lay amine and to burst 
it, in order to form the in 
eit» anil 
Preset 
Permanent 
a ‘Forté 
thus rendered assailable. ‘But if neither of. these be 
ing is allowed, heavy. contribu- 
ised, and divided among the sol- 
Capitula- 
‘tion. 
articles in the treaty 
inventory made out of all stores, provisions, &c. 
possession farther 
7 
i 
‘i 
{ 
es 
8 
5 
LEPEET? 
In this case those parts must. be attack- 
can be taken of ravines, hollow 
circumstances, 
of structed as betore. 
513° 
places to bombard the fortress.» This is also to be done 
from several points, where the fire can reach the for- 
tress, in order, if 
provisions there. ; . tions. 
Fortresses situated on a stony or rocky soil are difi- ~~ 
cult to be attacked, and the works round them: can on 
only be constructed by.earth or wool-bags, and by fas- *"* 
cines, 
Should a town have a citadel, it will be necessary: to Case of 2 
consider, before commencing the attack, whether the j,.9 4 cit- 
eitadel or the fortress is to be assailed first. Ini all gel, 
cases where the citadel commands the fortress, and 
where it will not be much more difficult to attack it 
than the town, the first efforts should be directed 
against the citadel, and not against the fortress. When 
a fortress is to be attacked in form, the operations-ma 
Attack and 
Defence of 
Permanent 
possible, to destroy the stores and ‘yortifica. 
they frequently be shortened, by forming a brusque attack, Brusque «‘- 
or beginning with the construction of the third paral- tack. 
lel as the first works of the trenches, and: afterwards 
making a communication from that to the camp. The 
attack proceeds then regularly, and ricochett batteries, 
as well as dism ing and breaching batteries, are con- 
The last method of attacking a fortress: is by tirail- Attack by 
leurs. Batteries are constructed at a great distance, trilleurs- 
and mounted with mortars and guns of large calibres. 
As soon as these batteries have begun their fire, a chain 
of tirailleurs is formed all-round the fortress, who ap- 
proach the works, covering themselves by the excava- 
tions and elevations of the ground, or by the pits, 
ditches, hollow ways, ravines, trees, houses, walls, 
hedges, &c. &c. From such places they fire at every: 
one who appears on the rampart, or any other of the 
enemy's works. The tirailleurs should always take 
aim, and avail themselves, of every circumstance’ that 
may direct their fire with effect. In general, they have 
little to fear from the fire of the garrison; but, if neces~ 
sary, they are still better covered, by giving them wool~ 
bags, or by constructing a parallel fr them, and also 
b pelene their operations with a brusque attack. 
irailleurs always ns rape the fortress by de- 
grees, and inclose it as mueh as possible, until the co- 
vered-way can be taken by storm; and the attack is 
Uheewepie continued as circumstances may require. 
The men ordered for this attack are to be properly 
instructed in their duty, and besides, rewards are pro- 
mised.to them on their executing it completely. ey 
always retire at night, or when dark, and reappear be- 
fore day-light, in order that their fire may begin with 
the dawn of day. While this attack of the tirailleurs 
is going on, the ordnance also endeavours to annoy: 
the enemy ; and ricochett batteries may be constructed 
to assist the others. These, however, may be brought- 
closer to the fortress, to increase their effect. This me- 
thod of attack was first practised by the French in the 
revolutionary war, with great success; and, combined 
with the attack in form, it certainly does appear well. 
ag pax to force an early surrender. 
ving traced the progressive ations of the be< Defensive 
inate te the first opening of the trenches-to the measures 
pane of the place, Ha ag now to consider the om by 
ensive measures adopted by the garrison. es 
A fortress, where a siege is to be expected, should “” 
always be put in the best possible state.of defence; by. Prepara- 
repairing all the works, placing the palisadoes, con- “OPS '°" * 
structing the necessary traverses, , in short, ne. >e* 
glecting nothing which may render it stronger. The 
ravelins should have reduits and weak fronts, strong 
places of arms, and lunettes, all of which are to.be ex- 
sr 
: L, 
