514 FORTIFICATION. 
Avmek sed ecuted before the siege commences. A sufficient quan- prise, as the may collect there, and act against Attack and 
Detenee of of ammunition, ordnance, materials for repairs, and the enemy with more ity, and with a greater Defence of 
= soitiary stores, is also to be provided. Embra- chance of driving him Besides, the Pe 
Fortifes- . ° ° ’ 
toms. Sues are to be constructed, and ordnance partly «town by a citadel is of verylittle useto the “tions. 
—— riounted. Powder magazines are to be formed in se- enemy. But should a have place, all the wy 
are 
be constructed. These consist of buildings of wood 
composed of two walls, which incline 
each other, covered with earth, so as to be shell- 
the ends by traverses. Some- 
i these blindages are only of one such 
inclined wall of wood, co with earth, in which 
case se pene towards a rampart or a traverse. Some- 
times old buildings, the roofs of which have been bro- 
ken down to make its upper side ar er serve as 
places where the garrison reside with safety. Only 
; stone-houses, however, are chosen for this purpose. 
Inhabitants The inhabitants, unless their loyalty be suspected, 
bow ta be are to be divided into parties, and em as circum- 
stances may require. The surrounding country is to 
be vekdined as level as possible, that the enemy may 
nowhere approach covered. The bri round the 
town are to be destroyed, and every thing removed 
that might contribute to keep up a good communica. 
tion among the besiegers troops, that they may have to 
Provisions "@Place it before the siege begins. Sufficient quantities 
to be colle. Of fuel, and provisions of every kind, are also to be 
collected from the neighbouring country, and patroles 
or parties are to be sent out to observe the enemy's ma- 
neeuvres, Among the different corps of the army sig- 
nals are agreed upon, so that, if any troops should ar- 
rive for the relief of the place, the garrison may be able 
to communicate with them, and act in concert. Mes- 
sengers and spies are also engaged, to procure informa- 
tion of the enemy’s movements, and to keep up a com- 
Sidhe teats 
Precautions In order to guard against a surprise, most unre- 
sgainst@ mitting vigilance and stbéntioh are absolutely n : 
“apess: Each must have a full and perfect knowledge of as 
duty, and the place he has to command. As soon as 
the enemy is within 36 miles of the fortress, —— 
patroles of cavalry are to be sent out, to gain hourly in- 
telligence of his movements. The gates should never 
be opened before daylight, nor a number of men al- 
lowed to enter at once. The guards of the gates should 
be Se “id night. P... channels, s, &c. are 
to ept shut up. Every person w out or in 
must be strictly te and carefull Spatial par- 
ticularly the deserters of the enemy. Should a conspi- 
racy ve biog stare in the town, inhabitants are to 
be m and disarmed, and all ings are to be 
di Strong cavalry patroles should be constant- 
ly sent through the streets. The garrison must be kept 
in good spirits ; and, if ible, after great fatigues, 
some extra allowance, either in money or otherwise, 
scsten Glee ~ be made bere 
datieane e quarters men belonging to one troop 
yore tp should av be close together, that they may easily 
collect ; and the commandant should frequently make 
trials of their watchfulness, by giving false alarms, and 
keeping them constantly on ‘their Wear taking care, 
Meuisltas however, not to fatigue or harass them too pone. and 
pelssur. mever suffering any neglect of duty to pass unpunished, 
Prise, A citadel is always very useful in the event of a sur- 
troops are to collect at the spot fixed on, from which 
to join on the to be defended. As 
soon as the greater part of is collected, de- 
tachments are sent to the streets to 
the enemy, and. particularly to reinforce the to 
prevent a greater number from ing the town. The 
thing, 
fore the necessary instructions are to be previously 
given, that every one may know his place and his pro- 
ater Ay Te at lbp rae In an open attack, the Open at 
efenders have t advantages over the assailants, and ‘ck 
these being duly considered, and ly represented 
to the garrison, be contribute to increase its 
irit. such an attack is expected, great care is 
reconaty ‘aitasicing the meek: Sulieiead a " 
both with regard to the works that t to be defend- 
ed, and the number of men requisite for that purpose. 
of ee ee See Lt whee oema ier 
thrown in that ion, w enemy is per- 
Coie) he seeehhe Spey Sy eres nd 
As soon as he arrives in ¥ grenedes, Resistance + 
prepress Seeneee wae we avs 
attempts to mount ener tee wees other ent points, 
envy helio, a0b-46-ber oe over the parapet 
him ; and should he arrive, bayonets must be used. If 
he succeed in getting possession of the rampart, he must 
these also l, the streets are to 
be defended, and finally the iven for retreating 
pods dhe 3 which should be done with the greatest 
possible ns oe 
The defence a blockade, consists in Defence 
plenty of stores and and magazines where a 
The garrison besides should have safe habitations ; and 
sometimes sorties or ge peed ae 
or larger ies, against enemy, 
him, Lr seers he rovisions, (Td hawreviee, theoe sale - 
lies prove unsu ‘ is to be taken that 
the enemy does not penetrate into the fortress with the 
who make the sortie. 7 ae ‘ea 
e defence of a place against an attack in form, is —, 
subjected to greater difficulties. The first thing neces- form. 
