FORTIFICATION. 
Same 
ome 
ment, those who may act contrary to the orders which 
nthe i then properly divided, that no part 
 Distribu- is vided, no 
“tion of la- ssappincver enbets Anleat ev umilorgoithien ssheaher's. end 
_bour in the peyer should too large a number be ordered on duty, 
garrison. —_ unless the fortress has a very numerous garrison. A 
5 journal isto be kept, in which every circumstance that 
; sioameealins ite ieaphicdiy sd ts 
— enemy’s 
inf the ene- guar meal teks dal aptectescs, are to be 
Legal received with a discharge of grape-shot or balls. This 
$ , however, in case of ther approaching in parties, 
: sor tbaetindee gk eaintonla ee ee 
s single man. Small calibres are generally i 
purpose, to ent the from becoming ac- 
quainted sheen : 7 
pikecnetgiagel before the covered way, The com- 
eee wt ree 
! i " arearstorabees 4 
reoke-bells of various Kinda, Yoo as do conbess sireined 
> sete armen a mah ti 
f them as can be enfiladed. In the beginning of the 
"attack suddenly with great noise. They then 
‘farther away from the fortress, In 
515 
are rather to be withdrawn than destroyed ; but if one Attack and 
of the enemy’s batteries can be dismounted, all the force Defence of 
is at first directed against one merlon, and then against "e™ns2e"* 
the others successively. tone. 
Such parts of the fortress as have been damaged must ~—— 
be repaired during the night, that they may be in a 
P state for service the following morning. 
id the enemy’s el come so close to the co- Riflemen 
vered way, that the fire of small arms can reach it, rifle. how to be 
mapa hy agen aa ee lil 
ma Ss, partic y when the en. 
pes or officers appear. The fire of the om 
should also be directed against the head of the trenches, 
or where they are not quite finished, as also where bat- 
teries are to be erected. 
For the same purpose also, small pieces of ordnance, Counter ap- 
and in particular small mortars, placed in the saliant proaches. 
angles of the covered way, may be used with the great- 
est advan Counter approaches are sometimes used ; 
but certainly they are of no peanti it helps ridiculous 
to su a garrison can, with any advantage, be- 
sie, the army by which it is itself besieged. sy 
nother means of defence against a siege are sorties sorties ox 
or sallies, for the purpose'of ring provisions, open- sallies. 
ing a communication with the army, or attacking some —__ 
of theenemy’s works. They are undertaken some- 
times before, and sometimes after the place has been in- 
vested ; and they differ in the strength of the parties 
yed, poncntah to the object in view. 
ies against the enemy at some distance from the pjstant 
fortress, are sometimes liable to be cut off, and there- sorties. 
fore only to be undertaken when the retreat can be se- 
cured. As such sorties also generally cost a great many 
men, they should only be undertaken whenthere is a fair 
prospect of obtaining some particular adyantages, and 
where the garrison is so strong that a sufficient num- 
ber will remain to defend the fortress properly. 
Sorties which require a strong force, should never strong 
be undertaken unless they have a particular object. in sorties. 
view, and then they are to be made by a sufficient num- 
ber of troops to execute it without difficulty. Particu- 
lar circumstances sometimes determine a garrison to 
make a sortie; but it is never in this case to be 
done if the men could afterwards be of greater service 
in the defence of the fortress, What relates to the exe- 
cution of these sorties, the nature of the ground, and 
the different movements, will be farther illustrated 
neal Se candanieial made by parties of 
sorties are ly by ies of about Small 
20 to 30 men, who secretly leave the covered woke une Sortics. 
0 
every thing i be the tenon oe geben." 
them, spike up the enemy’s guns, overload them, &c. 
for all which purposes rr ae provided with the ne- 
cessary assistance of wor , tools, and materials, 
taking care always to retreat as soon as the enemy’s 
reinforcements arrive. These little attacks are parti- 
cularly useful after a mine has been sprung, before. the. 
garrison of the trenches has recovered from its fright, 
and order restored. 
The most advantageous time for attacks is mid- post time 
night, or towards morning; when the tr in the for sorties, 
— are still fatigued by their labours during the 
ut no sortie should be made with two large a force, Sallying 
lest the enemy meanwhile make a successful attack on a. 
force has been drawn 
the num- 
another part, while the 
f An general 
ber of men employed in a sortie should never exceed 
long. 
