FORTIFICATION. 
Attack and ray be sustained, when a strong section is to be had, 
efence of or when there is a retreat to a place, where the garrison 
nay wait till a convention be concluded, or succours 
ive. Sometimes, however, circumstances do not al- 
ow the garrison to wait an assault, and, in this case, 
the commandant capitulates, either to save the lives of 
many, or to prevent the inhabitants from being plun- 
dered. When the defence of the rampart is resolved 
on, the same rules are to be observed as in the defence 
of outworks. 
Defence a- Circumstances must determine whether the enemy is 
gainst the to be in the breach, or attacked from the sec- 
—— latter is to be unless there is eve- 
; reason to believe that the former will prove success- 
“a? 3 at the time of the assault may sometimes 
be useful; but is always in such circumstances to be 
assault, and when every thing has been sent 
Ghd thes ehahdl te txGope ene toreithctesir to it; taking 
care that the enemy does not enter al with them. 
Rather than run any risk of this, indeed, part-of. the 
beat 
prisoners of war and the deserters are, if possible, 
kept; but are also sometimes delivered up to the enemy. 
The magazines are either emptied and destroyed, or de- 
livered up. The works of the fortress, and the keys of all 
le care One gate is generally i 
517 
who are set at liberty as soon as the capitulation is ful- Attack and 
filled. The non-execution of any of the articles of ca- Retepra.ot 
pitulation on either side, will only cause reprisals, and" poritica- 
these frequently are attended with bad consequences. _ tions. 
To prevent this, every thing is determined as minutes —-\— 
th = possible, and all articles are then strictly ful- 
Various methods may be employed, and in some ca- Methods of 
ses successfully, for obliging the enemy to raise the forcing the 
siege, particularly if the garrison acts in conjunction Sie" '° 
with an army. The army may in these circumstances ,jege, 
either attack the enemy, or cut off his provisions and 
succours, which seldom fail in forcing him to raise the 
siege. The army may also attack either the besieging 
army, or the corps of observation ; but this should al- 
ways be done with the knowledge of the garrison, in 
er that it may act in concert. 
Sometimes a siege may be raised by the exertions of 
the garrison alone, as by sallies judiciously conducted, 
and mines well applied; but by whatever means this 
may be effected, the garrison ought to make sallies du- 
ring the night in which the besieger withdraws his ord- 
sons, Be purpose of annoying him as much as 
possible. « 
Should a fortress be attacked by éiraiileurs, as was ex- Defence s- 
plained in enumerating the different modes of attack- gainst ti- 
ing. a fortress, the best defence will be made by smal] leurs 
ns placed in the most saliant of the works for 
i shot. Riflemen will also be advantageous- 
ly employed in attacking them, in the same manner as 
attack the fortress. When, however, whole troops 
of the enemy’s men are ived, guns of a small ca~ 
libre, charged with grape shot, are chiefly to be de- 
pended upon. ‘In other respects, the detence is the 
same as has been already described. 
SECT. IL. 
On the Attack and Defence of Ficld Fortifications. 
Tue attack and defence of field fortifications, is nei- Arrange- 
ther so difficult nor so tedious as that of fortresses, ment of 
The arrangement of a whole fortified line is as fol- Toops ™ 
lows: The camp is generally about 400 paces from the = 5 ho 
lines. The works are usually occupied two men deep, > 
or with two rows of soldiers ; the reserve is placed about 
100 paces behind it, in order to give support wherever 
it may be gue ie py battery, as well as each 
ttalion, has its icular place assign- 
ed toit. As eye as the Mitte 4 fired, pas pe 
must repair to his post as speedily as possible, com- 
pletely armed, and ready to act. , 
ope secure the fortifications from a pn, he light 
‘antry posts are about 5000 paces before the works. &c, 
If, however, the country is i |, or woods are near 
them, the chain of these is thicker, viz. about 
from 500 to 2000 paces distant from the works, - 
Among these posts constant patroles are sent round. 
If the enemy be close to the works, at least one-half of 
these posts must always be under arms. During the day, 
the same is to be peer vest By, Ae teas and some~ 
times also by all the men ina arrival of the 
Pei is generally known 
’ 
, as in the case of fortresses, 
eserters, spies, &c. When the enemy approaches, 
the outposts are to engage him, and to keep him as 
long as possible at a distance, that the troops may have 
8 
