FRANCE. 607 
of the : Telli i i ; im, F i Worms, and History. 
ey of the Chancellor Tellier, and his son, the Marquis reduced ; Manheim, Frankendal, Spiers, rms, 
~ ‘ is, whose leading maxim was, that every enheim, also surrendered ; and the Palatinate was 
de Lonvois, ¢ n 1684, ae given up to the plunder and a rte of the Sts i ac 
ts troops into the Protestant districts; and Lou- soldiers, A. D. 1689. Men, women, and children, were hostilities, 
a. pa aL it was his majesty’s pleasure, that driven out into the fields, in the midst of a severe frost, 4 - 1689. 
er and left to perish of hunger and cold ; while their hou- The Palati- 
ses were reduced to ashes, their prepeey. seized, and ~~ again 
their possessions pillaged. More 40 cities, and an ‘4 waste. 
infinite nuniber of villages, were burnt ; the of 
the electors were razed. to the , and their very 
tombs opened in search of hidden treasures. This se~ 
cond devastation made the former one under Turenne 
appear mild and merciful. About this time, England 
was added to the number of Louis’s enemies. James II. 
had been deposed, and William Prince of Orange cho« 
ape SAME cmikde Geoplin copper she delueiesd ead Wikies 
to the most dreadful i to s the ed mo illi 
of as tlacly isdsiis cracls of rousing the parliament 
time; and a price was set on the and of his new kingdom against Louis. 
who were hunted like wild beasts. - The exertions of the French monarch, though great, 
Above 500,000 of. the most useful and industrious in- were prewar cxpimined rage tacts pei number 
of France were driven into exile, by the revo- of the states that op him. He n 400,000 Forces em- 
eation of the edict of Nantes; and thus the staple ma- men in the field. e army of Spain and United ployed — 
declined in that country, Pentceedanfiet de-tenaadtal ‘orced by the English under 2gainst him. 
nations by these exiles. the Earl of Marlborough, amoun phere PolinK i 
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rae By the revocation of the edict 
antes, liberty of conscience was abolished ; all the 
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1 of zeal for the The Emperor and the German states supplied three ar- 
Catholic religion, was thus ing the Protestants, psy pcr ose wig agri, o naps = 
- he was insulting the Pope, and i him of Avig- on the U; Rhine ; the main army under t e 
omg te Pecttingethe hac of the Cathe at Locraist, onthe Milale Hbine; nad the third corti 
Pope. lic religion, sufficiently proves that Louis was actuated Lower Rhine, under the Elector of Brandenburg. The 
more frequently and strongly by ambition, and a desire Duke of Lorraine took Mentz, and the Elector of Bran- 
to exercise his » than by any other feeling or denburg took Bonne, while the Prince of Waldeck obli- 
ap aati hitelogs Ye un- ngereh in m inatich dey ware deleed. The 
pretences, his ruling passions opportunities le at Walcourt, in whi were defeated. 
ari ying themselves. The Pope moet Xl. was next year, A. D. 1690, Louis gave the command of this Battle of” 
of talents and abilities; and was extremely army to Marshal Luxemburg, who, in the plains of’ Fleurus. 
to destroy an abominable privilege which ren- Fleurus, defeated the Prince of Waldeck, with the loss 4- D- 1690. 
Seer ae Rene moran Ge ol ats et of 6000 killed, and 8000 taken prisoners. The Dutch 
criminals, the ambassadors of Catholic princes in that infantry behaved so gallantly on this occasion, that the 
i i dis- Marshal observed, “ Prince Waldeck ought always to 
from thei i He was also anxious to remember the French cavalry ; and I shall never 
i which whatever entered the Dutch infantry.” In Italy, the Duke of Savoy, 
under the sanction of an ambassador's name paid celebrated Victor Amadeus, was opposed by the Mar- 
Pee Datel seipciet Gees wea Tenders ets cinllat poet 
. i i ius soon im an ex t general. 
He completely defeated the Duke at Staffarada © and in 
to; consequence of this victory, the whole of Savoy, exce 
} ple the fortress of Montmelian, was reduced by the French, 
himself set an example to them; Catalonia was the scene of hostile ions, in which 
accordingly he sent his ambassador to Rome, with also the French were successful. But what was more 
i extraordinary, and more ing to the ambition of 
full exercise of these most unjust privileges. Louis, the combined fleets of Holland and En 
- Such could not fail to excite the nt 3% were defeated off Beachy Head, by: the French fleet 
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peror Leopold having succeeded in defeatingthe Turks, In the beginning of April 1691, Louis himself took 
) in reducing the i _malcontents, and in secu- Mons, in ep Ki Prien Nothing farther re- 
to the House of Austria the hereditary possession markable happened on the side of Flanders. In Italy, 
of the throne of Hungary, resolved to oppose the power Marshal Catinat was held in check by Prince Eugene : 
of seems to have on the frontiers of Germany, the war languished ; and in 
. had a habitual and cherished hatred of Louis, readily Catalonia, the advantages. gained by: the French were 
League of entered into the views of the 3 and the league neither splendid nor decisive. The following spring, 
: Augsburg of Augsburg was formed, in to restrain the en- Louis and William set out on the same day to join their 
formed im, roachments of France, and to secure the jects of the respective armies. Namur was reduced, even in the 
- againet him treaties of West the Pyrenees, and Nimeguen. sight of William, by Louis, with an army, of 45,000 
Spain, Sweden, Dent ar iden men ; while Luxemburg, with another army covered siege of 
in the league. rage ae greases the designs of these the siege. The reduction of this place was rendered Luxem- 
powers, resolved to strike the first blow; and accord- remarkable by.the circumstance, that Coehorn defended wg. 
ingly-sent the Dauphin, at the head of 100,000 men, into in person a new fort, while Vauban directed the attack, 
Germany. After a siege of 19 days, Philipsburg was In order to atone for his not having prevented the fall 
3 
