618 
dispute between France and England, it was soon evi- 
dent, that it was more likely to be extended than ad- 
justed, in consequence of the br amc which the court 
of Madrid displayed to unite with France. The 
pal scene of the French military operations was West- 
ag where at first they were successful, obliging 
vince Ferdinand to retire behind the Dymel; but that 
indefatigable general soon afterwards repulsed the united 
forces of Broglio and Soubere, and thus was enabled to 
effect his grand object, the protection of Hanover. Still, 
however, the campaign was as indecisive, with regard to 
permanent or extensive advantage on either side, as any 
of the former campaigns had been ; and it was evident, 
that such operations would exhaust the resources both of 
the French and the allies. As the British ministry felt 
their peculiar strength to consist in the command which 
they now possessed of the sea, they planned another expe- 
dition against the coast of France, which effected the re- 
duction of Belleisle. This, no doubt, was a great mors 
tification to France, but it did not induce her to weaken 
her Westphalian army ; and therefore, as a diversion in 
favour Prince Ferdinand, it totally failed, while it 
was impossible for the British to retain their conquest. 
The negociations were now again resumed ; but as the 
offers of cessions and exchanges made by the court of 
Versailles did not meet the expectations of the British 
cabinet, they were finally broken off. The cause of this 
failure was soon traced to the court of Madrid, between 
which and the court of Versailles a family compact had 
been sometime before entered into. According to this 
Spain assists compact, the Kings of France and Spain were to have 
France. common enemies and friends; so that war declared against 
one was to be regarded as war declared against both ; 
and consequently, on such an event happening, the whole 
military forces of both were to act in the most perfect 
concert. No peace was to be made except by mutual 
consent. Spain, however, was not to succour France 
when she might be involved in a war in consequence of 
her engagements by the treaty of Westphalia, or her other 
alliances in Germany or the north, unless some maritime 
power took part in those wars, or France itself were at- 
tacked... Between the accession of Spain to the cause 
of France in her war with Britain, and the peace of 
Paris, no event of im occurred, except the re- 
duction of the island of Martinico by a British arma- 
ment. 
In consequence of a change of the British ministry, 
France found that a peace was more practicable than for- 
merly, while she herself, as well as Spain, were more 
sincerely disposed towards it: negociations, therefore, 
were carried on at Fontainebleau, and on the third of 
November 1762, the preliminaries were si there. 
Peace of On the 16th of February, in the following year, the de- 
Paris, 1763. finitive treaty was signed at Paris. By this treaty France 
agreed to cede to Britain, Canada, in its utmost extent, 
with the islands of Cape Breton and St John, and all 
that part of Louisiana which lies on the side of the Mis- 
sissippi, except the town and territory of New Orleans. 
The French were itted to fish, under certain limita- 
tions, on the banks of Newfoundland: the islands of 
Martinique, Guadaloupe, St Lucie, Goree, and Bellisle, 
were restored to them ; and the French East India Com- 
pany were placed in the same situation in which they 
were at the peace of Aix-la-~Chapelle, by the restitution 
#f Pondicherry, &c.; but they were not to erect any 
Histery. 
—_—— 
FRANCE. 
forts in the Province of Bengal. France agreed to cede 
to Great Britain the forts and factories she had Jost on =" 
the river Senegal, the island of Grenada and its depen- "a 
dencies, and to give up all claim to the neutral islands of 
St Vincent, Dominica, ‘and T ; she also consented 
to destroy the harbour and’ . the fortifications of 
Dunkirk. 
for, not only were Disputes 
France had much need of repose ; é 
her finances in a very dilapidated” condition, but: dis. ree" ne 
King and 
putes between the King and the parliaments the the Paria. 
minds of all: these disputes have been dy noticed. ments, 
And as the parliaments felt their own power and import- 
agets wile: the: lag eves, aaee SS ae 
they were dissolved, ps Louis, afraid of creating still 
greater disturbances, published a general amnesty, 
wished them to resume their functions. The parliament, 
however, convinced by this that the King was intimi- 
dated, and their cause was popular, refused to accept his 
proffered clemency. The indignation of the 
now extreme ; and he ordered such of the councillors of 
the parliament of Brittany as had refused to 
their functions, to be included in the list 
were to be drafted for the militia; and such « 
drafted were actually obliged to join their regiments, 
the rest were incorpora' tn thesciey gasrdi hes 
rity of this conduct appeased the stubborn spirits: 
parliaments for some time ; but the calm was 
duration. In the midst of these convulsions, 
tended to nearly all the parliaments in France, 
phin died, in 87th year of his age; and 
of Berri, his eldest son by his second marriage wi 
iz 
t 
5 
i 
H 
8 
e 
3 
7 
& 
HE 
Josepha of Saxony, was created Dauphin in his stead. : 
As soon as .: had in some measure quieted thé Corsica n- 
parliament, he turned his attention to the acquisition of nexed to 
Corsica. This island had for some time resisted the 
ranny of Genoa, which claimed the sovereignty by righ 
of conquest: At last the Republic, unable to support 
pretensions, transferred them to France, on condition 
that Louis should put her in possession of the island of 
Capraria, which the Corsicans had lately reduced. Louis 
thought that the subjection of the Corsicans would be 
easily and speedily effected ; but he found himself much 
mistaken, as the Corsicans defended erage ty By 
intrepidity ; and two campaigns, wi 
ee ae. men, were necessary to bring them un- 
der the power of France, ~ ' 
quired the measures of a man of talents and experience ; 
whereas the Duke of Choiseul, who was minister, was 
neither, and by attempting to remedy, he actually in- 
creased the evil : he reduced, at once, the interest of the . 
public funds one half; and, as if this were not sufficient , 
to injure public credit, be took away the benefit of sur- 
vivorship in the tontines. The king at last was under 
the necessity of banishing him ; but, instead of remedying 
