FRANCE. 
The hostile preparations of the emigrants, and of the 
ign powers, still;went on ; nor were they delayed in 
the least by the death ofthe Emperor of Germany, or the 
murder of the King of Sweden. Asthe French minister 
for foreign affairs did not use corresponding diligence and 
exertions, he was accused, even during his absence, by 
Brissot, apprehended, tried at Orleans, and executed. 'The 
management of affairs was next placed in the hands of 
those, who would not fail to make all due ‘preparation 
for the hostilities which threatened’ France. “Dumourier 
was appointed minister of war, Roland minister of the 
interior, and Claviere minister of finance. This com+ 
» Hi r. 
pleted the triumph, and established the power of the re- . 
publicans. One of the first’ acts of this party was to 
confiscate the property of the emigrants ; their next was 
War decla- todeclare war, on the 20th of April, against the king of 
red, 20. and Bohemia, in consequence of the Imperial 
a 1792, Minister demanding the restoration to the German prin- 
ces of their feudal rights; the restoration of Avignon 
to the Pope ; and that the neighbouring powers should 
: have no reason for apprehension, the weakness of 
the internal ent of France. 
The French armies immediately invaded the Austrian 
; Netherlands ; but the plan of the campaign was contri- 
: ved with so little foresight or ee and, from the 
State of the want of discipline and experience in the troops, so misera~ 
ene and bly oocamaed it was productive of noadvantage to the- 
“Y' Prench. » Indeed it was evident, that unless their troops 
were more obedient to their officers, they would do more 
mischief to the cause of France than to that of the ene- 
my; and yet such was the state of the public feeling, 
both in the army and at Paris, that the evil seemed 
more likely to increase than diminish. In the capital, 
party spirit was very violent; but the Jacobins were 
evidently gaining ground ; and the measures they adopt- 
.ed for ineréasing their own influence with the people, 
and diminishing that of their opponents, could not’ fail 
of effect. They circulated reports of intrigue and con- 
spiracy in favour of the enemies of the country; the 
amob, credulous, easily alarmed, and now accustomed to 
regard the aristocratical party as deci hostile to 
their interests, as well as the lawful objects of their ven- 
, rallied round the Jacobins, and supported, in a 
violent and tumultuous manner, their most ex’ nt 
propositions. For some time the King yielded to them ; 
but, like all his former conduct during ‘the Revolution, 
after having given them his countenance, and’ thus in- 
creased their power, he altered his conduct, and, when it 
was too late, resolved to oppose them. ‘The ministry 
were dismissed, except Dumourier, who, by being thus 
pre see by the King, became an object of suspicion with 
the Jacobin club; he therefore resigned his office, and 
joined thearmy. About this time, Marat, afterwards so 
infamously notorious, appeared on the stage, and, by his’ 
i writings and es, ra Siu 
The mob © increase the unpopularity of the king. On the 20th of 
reeds mo tal armed ye marched t the ‘Assembly, 
“the Assem--under the pretence of presenting petitions ; ‘they after. 
bly. wards, to the number of 40,000, surrounded the ‘Thuile 
aft 
» Teries, and insulted the king. As soon as these disgrace~ 
fal events ‘were Known in the army, ‘La Fayette Teft it, 
and presented Himself at the bar of the National Assem. 
bly, where he expressed the indignation’ of eh 
and called upon the Rots to prevent the repetition o 
such’ scenes, by punishing the. promoters of them, and 
especially by dissolving the factious clubs. But the power 
8 
631 
of the Assembly was vain against elubs supported by the _ History. 
most numerous, the most desperate, and the most worth- ¥ 
less part of the population ‘of Paris; in them, in fact, 
was centered the government of the capital, or rather in 
‘the Jacobin club, which ruled ‘and moulded them at its. 
pleasure. Sey 
' 'To'these dreadful internal evils was now added an ap-- 
proaching invasion. The King of Prussia, in conjunce- 
tion with Austria, was marching against France with an 
immense force ; while the French armies were compara-- 
tively few in number, and ‘by no means equal to their 
opponents in respect to the discipline and obedience of 
the' soldiers, or the talents and:experience of the officers. 
But their deficiencies, in’ these ‘respects, it was hoped, . 
would be more than compensated by their enthusiasm, and 
by the co-operation of the people. ‘These, however, it 
was necessary to rouse, and for this purpose the Assembly. 
ordered a proclamation to be made that the country was 
in danger.' This object, however, was more ‘effectually 
accomplished, by a manifesto, issued by the Duke, of Manifestdof 
Brunswick, as ‘commander~ of* the invading ‘army, at oe 
Coblentz,'on the 25th of July.! In this’ manifesto, de: Vi. os. 
struction ‘to ‘Paris, and the ‘executio#’ bf" all who resisted, July. 
were'dendwnced ; and’ the safety of the royal family Was . 
declared to'be the only condition on which the capital, or » 
the National Assembly, could ‘possibly escapt the ‘sé. 
Verest ‘vengeance of the allied powers. ‘The ‘immedi. 
ate’ consequence of this ign ent ‘and impolitic ma- 
nifesto, was the union of all partiés, for their mutual 
defence, arid the support ‘of what they ‘conceived to be 
the'will’ of the nation, ‘and the independence of France. 
However’ they ‘might ‘differ? pnd! quarrel among them. 
selves, all felt and acted on the necessity, at the present’ 
mometit, of opposing the allied powers, who ‘entered 
France with sibt detMeritodi of vengeatice.” ‘The friends - i 
of the King soon fatally experienced the extent of mise 
chief to him and his cause, which this mabifesto produ- 
eed, The republicans, long anxious ‘for his deposition, 
had now ‘too good an opporturlity to be neglected ;— 
for ‘who, thought they, would dare to defend a King, 
who was such an enemy to France, as to have his safety 
put in competition with its liberty and ‘independence ? 
But jit was necessary, even yet, to proceed with caution 
in the deposition of ‘Louis: the republicans could not exe 
pect that the ‘National, Assembly would willingly 
to it, They had accused La Fayette before it, and. he had 
been acquitted ; and hence they inferred, that their mea-- 
sures respecting the King would not be well received by 
that Assembly ; it was therefore their object to excite the 
worst passions of the populace against him. 
In Paris, at this time, there were too many, who might 
easily be made the zealous instruments of the worst of 
crimes ; for, besides the mob of the city, 15,000 Mara 
seillois had arrived at the period of the confederation, 
on the 14th of July, not the Jeast behind the most.un- . 
principled ‘and ferocious ofthe Parisians in their hatred 
of royalty and order, and in their disposition to excite 
disturbance, and to commit murder. ith these, and 
the mob'of Paris, the republicans intrigued, and. the 
friends of Louis were not long in perceiving that his life 
was in danger. The palace, therefore, was guarded by 
a number of gentlemen, by the Swiss, troops, and. by 
12 pieces of cannon.. Mandat, the commander of the 
national guards, was at-their head, At midnight, on the 
Oth of August, the toesin.sounded, and the drums beat 
to. arms ; but the republicans knew that while Mandat 
