682 
lived, their efforts against the life of the King would be 
unavailing ; they therefore contrived to persuade him to 
leave his post, and come to the commune, which was 
entirely composed of their own friends ; and as he was 
leaving the hall, he was shot, and Santerre appointed to 
command the national guard in his place. . 
Mamacreof On the 10th of August, Louis found himself placed in 
the 10th of such a perilous situation, in the palace, that he sought 
“> ection in the National Assembly. Immediately after 
left the Thuilleries, the insurgents, to the number of 
20,000 men, attacked the Swiss who guarded it ; a bloody 
combat ensued ; but the Swiss were overpowered, and 
most of them massacred... The republican party, now 
strong in the success which had attended their: first ef- 
forts, and in. the terror which they had excited, resolved 
to push the execution of their favourite object imme- 
diately ; the royal authority was suspended ; the nation 
_ invited to choose a convention ; commissioners sent to 
bag amt a army ; and the royal family imprisoned in the Tem- 
e,.2 3 ' 
y The influence which Lia Fayette. possessed, with. the 
army, it was hoped, by the friends of the king and of 
justice and order, would preserve them loyal and obe- 
dient ; but they were not to be depended upon, and.La 
Fayette judged it prudent to leave the camp,, soon after 
History. 
Flight and 
confinement 
dae toseek his safety in flight. He escaped, from, his own 
troops, but he was made prisoner by the enemy, and de- 
tained in, Austrian and Prussian dungeons for several 
years. The commissioners now found no opposition to 
the duthority of which they were empowered to. exercise 
over the army; but were received with respect, by Ge- 
nerals Dumourier, Biron, Montesquieu, Kellerman, and 
Custine. Dumourier, having removed the suspicions 
formerly entertained of him by the republicans, was 
appointed commander-in-chief, on the flightof La Fayette., 
is general was at the head of about 17,000 men, and, 
with this inadequate force, his object was to watch, for 
he could not hope to oppose, the progress of the. allied 
forces. These had entered France so numerous and well 
equipped, that the conquest of that country seemed cer- 
tain and near at hand. The Duke of Brunswick had 
50,000 Prussians ; there were 15,000 Austrians under 
Clairfait ; and the Hessians and French emigrants raised 
the total force to 90,000 men. Their success.at first was 
portioned to their strength and their hopes. Longwy 
and Verdun surrendered, and Paris ‘was already in alarm. 
This moment of alarm was not to be oyerlooked by 
the Jacobin party,—it was too favourable to their views, 
They declared that the safety of the country, and the 
destruction of foreign foes, could not be accomplished, 
while there existed in Paris so many domestic enemies 
of the people. The most horrid massacres accordingly 
took place, at which the forms of justice were either en« 
tirely neglected, or attended to in such a manner, as. to 
render the proceedings still more repulsive to humanity. 
For two days, the mob, under the direction of Marat, 
Roberspierre, and Danton, who now led the common 
council, had the entire possession of Paris; no person 
besides durst stir out of their house; the national guards 
at this crisis seemed disposed to interfere, but Santerre 
Was too strongly attached to the violent Jacobins to re- 
press cruelties which they had organized and directed. 
The massacres did not cease, nor was even the ap- 
pearance of order and tranquillity completely re-esta- 
blished in the capital, till intelligence arrived that the al- 
France. 
Masracres 
of the 2d 
and 34 of 
September, 
FRANCE. 
intelligence of the transactions at Paris had arrived; and 
lies had commenced their retreat out of France. For | 
some time after the reduction of Verdun, they had ad- 
vanced with little or no opposition; but as soon as Dus The allies 
mourier had organised his army, he opposed consider. "tes 
able obstacles to their farther and some battles 
were fought, in which the behaved with great 
coolness, and evidently shewed that they were improved 
in discipline. Notwithstanding this, however; and the 
additional circumstance, that the troops under his com- 
mand were much increased ; Dumourier would not have 
been able to save his country, had not sickness and fa- 
mine attacked the Prussians.',.The former origi 
from the soldiers eating Jarge \quantities of fruit, and 
from the unusual wetness.of the season; the latter took 
its rise from the inhabitents ‘absolutely refusing to carry 
provisions to the camp.of ‘the enemy. . It has-been.sus- ~ >" 
pected that, even in spite of the reduction in the str 
and spirits of his soldiers, which \sickness and e 
produced, the, Duke of Brunswick might have driven 
the French army before’ him, if the King,of Prussia had 
continued firm'to the cause of the allies. . However this 
may be, after a truce of eight ware he commenced his ree 
treat: He was not pursued, but Verdun and Longwy were 
retaken, and Thionville, which had been ly defended 
by, General Wimpfen was relieved. The Austrians were 
not more successful than the Prussians; for sha beees rhs ° 
Lisle for a fortnight without the least prospect of re- 
ducing it, they raised the siege. .On the side of Sayoy, © 
the French were the invaders, and they were received 
by the people with great joy and enthusiasm, ». The’ suc« 
cess which had attended the defence of their own. terri- 
tories, made them forget, that they, had declared they 
would not,invade the territories of other nations: not Successes 
only was Savoy invaded, but Spires, Worms, Mentz,, the 
and Frankfort were attacked and taken before the close 
of 1792. The last place, however, did not remain, 
in their possession, as it was recaptured on the 2d of. 
December in that year. In the Netherlands, the French 
were still more successful. On the 6th of Noyember,. 
Dumourier attacked the Austrians, who were strongly. 
fortified on the heights of Jemappe. The battle was most 
obstinate and bloody, but French enthusiasm, joined to, 
superior numbers, succeeded ; and this victory decided, 
the fate of the Austrian Netherlands...) 
In the mean time, the National Convention assembled}, National 
and as the republican party were by far the most. nume-. Convention, 
rous in it, and were besides sure of support from the, 
Parisians, they proposed, on the very day of the. 
meeting, the eternal abolition of royalty in France. This Royalty 
was carried by acclamation. The next day it was de- 
creed that all acts should be dated by the year of the 
Republic ; and the appellation of icitizen was universally 
adopted. . Still, notwithstanding these foolish and mad 
acts, San wae some poe. in the aaa 
not unite the. utmost profli of principle and, : a 
vity of conduct with their ‘lly i titer © mm : e p 
were the Girondists, or Brissotines ; the most celebrated = 
} 
anche ey, 
< 
and respectable of whom were Condorcet. Brissot. parties. 
The other party were denominated the Mountain, be-~ 
cause the members of it usually sate on the upper seats 
in the convention ; of these, the most p and in- 
famous were Danton, Roberspierre, Marat, and Collot ; 
D'Herbois. The Girondists. were anxious to punish : 
the perpetrators of the massacres of the 2d and: $d 
of September; but their motions to this effect were 
always eluded by the Mountain party, who had been 
