a ~~ 
Hist chiefly i ental in these massacres, and looked for- 
= pics aw repetition as the means of intimidating 
: ° ¥ . a , ca . = 2 In 
ale eir opponents, and penis iy Git PORET I 
a, a, decree was passed, that all emigrants. when 
4 seer aulize doting ae 
Louis XVL 4 owe a) Sey | 
tion, that they would grant fraternity, and assistance to 
: all people who were anxious to, be free ; and the gene 
, were ordered to give assistance to, all such, On the 11th 
of December, Louis was ordered to the bar of the,Con- 
vention ; and the act. of accusation being. read, he was 
required. Peng President to answer to each separate 
charge. . These charges were very numerous ; some of 
them were of a frivolous nature; others related 
done either before the Revolution had defined and limit- 
his own y, but the 
rance,; ought not to be sey 
i rt. 
tranquillity and happi 
Ht pet eon ig he. look- 
cope nasioans of is’s mind, which had displayed it- 
So frequently H.40 Jebel, epng. th0 Ren tion, 
isappeared when his misfortunes reached their height ; 
is whole conduct was. firm, composed, and digni- 
fied ; and he met his fate ina manner which surprised 
and even his enemies. , 
and Great Britain are given in the article Bairain, and 
need not be repeated here. 
ecmapen. sf the Austrian Netherlands, Du- 
towards Holland: but he did not con- 
duct. his operations. with, judgment ; for, dividing his 
after ing as far 
FRANCE. 
'¥ i ; ey e following month, 
Trial of the Convention declared, in the name of the French na- 
633 
powers held at Antwerp, it was resolved to invade France History. 
for the express purpose of conquest. This resolution ““Y™™ 
was immediately begun to be carried intoexccution. The 
Austrians advanced ; and, alter five, different engage- 
ments with the French under General Dampier, in the 
last but one of which he was killed, they succeeded. in 
reaching Valenciennes, and. commenced. the siege of it. 
About the same time, the Prussians having repulsed the 
French, army under Custine, laid siege to Mentz. . The 
advantages and progress of the allies created great alarm 
in Paris, but were not, unacceptable to the party of the 
Mountain. , Their object was the destruction of the Gi- 
rondists ; and to effect this, nothing else was necessary 
but to render them obnoxious to the people, as the ene- 
mies of liberty, and the friends of the allied powers. 
The Mountain party, on all occasions of violence and 
injustice, used as their instruments the mob of Paris, 
which was now regularly organised. for, that. purpose, 
The capital was divided into forty-eight sections, and 
section had its commune, or common hall, in which 
most iropaelet and, unprincipled directed the pros 
ceedings. On the 15th of April, the communes of all 
the sections petitioned the Convention, that the leaders 
of the Girondist party should be impeached and expel- 
led. The Girondists retaliated by impeaching Marat ; 
but he was acquitted. This, was the prelude of their 
fall,. The Convention was now no longer an independent 
body, but was overawed by the populace and the Mountain 
party. The latter, however, were not so powerful in the 
provinces as in Paris. .Most of the southern depart- 
ments declared the Mountain party outlawed, and broke 
out into, open revolt. The northern departments, in 
general, adhered to them. Soon after their triumph, 
they lost. one of their leading members,—Marat, who Marat 
was stabbed by Charlotte Cordé, a woman who came to venwenardoig 
Paris for that purpose, and who gloried inthe execution Corie. 
of a deed, which she thought the cause of freedom and 
of her-country called upon her to perform, 
In a fortnight after, the Mountain party gained the as- 
cendency over the Girondists. They framed a new con- 
stitution, but it was never put in practice. They also 
established, or at least gave more vigour to the revolution- 
ary tribunal, the object of which was to try crimes 
against the state in the most summary and arbitrary 
manner. ' 
The allies, in the mean time, did not derive so much : 
advantage from the distracted state of France as might 
have been expected ; for, however the French might be 
divided among themselves, they seemed. resolved. that 
no foreign power should interfere in their quarrels, or 
trespass with impunity on. their national independence. 
Valenciennes: held out till the 27th of July, and Mentz 
nearly as long. The possession of these places seemed 
to open a direct and easy road into,the heart of France. 
But success produced its usual consequences ; the allies 
could not agree in their future plans, and .on this account ‘The allies 
divided their forces. Unsuccessful attempts. were made are unsuc- 
on Dunkirk, Cambray, and Bouchain, , Prince Cobourg °**"- 
was repeatedly attacked by the French under Jourdan : 
The French soldiers, animated, by the, presence of com- 
missioners from the Convention, pt ya spiritu- 
ous liquors, which were supplied them by crowds of wo- 
men who attended the, army, for this. purpose, and to 
carry off the wounded, ;and.supported by a formidable 
and well-served train of artillery, were irresistible. The 
. he a 4L A : 
Alarm at 
Paris. 
