Pym 
History. 
_ Measures, 
TAD. 1794, sue of 
FRANCE. 
of the Mountain party were shocked, at their tendency : 
after a mock trial, she was executed’ on the 16th of Oc- 
tober. On the 30th of the same month, Brissot.and,20 
* others of his party were executed ; and the Duke of Or, 
leans, who united perhaps a greater: degree of personal 
and political depravity, than any man with whom»the 
revolution has cursed France, was afterwards put to death, 
by that very party whom he had materially contributed 
to bring forward to serve his own purposes, «and who 
now accused him of having aspired to the sovereignty 
‘from the commencement of the revolution." + 
As soon as the Mountain party had got rid of their 
abandoned themselves to the most extra- 
opponents, t ; 
vagant and most dreadful excesses. It seemed, in their 
mad and blind rage for innovation, as if they thought 
m 
ould daacan crea On ee ae 
provisionally ( ing republic, 
GaNOd Tadalde wo datacvere Whee, end taving 
completely succeeded in recruiting the armies, the Con- 
vention turned their thoughts to the state of the finances. 
them, .a law was passed establishing a maximum. 
This, however, it was soon discovered, increased the evil; 
ie arp pr PRE SA. Rare 
i assignats, by the sale lands belonging to 
the church, and to the emigrants 
i ie any 
ed by the revolutionary tribunals. The churches were 
plundered of their gold and silver ; even their bells were 
melted and cast into cannon. In order still farther to 
were manufactured and cast. The whole agricultural 
produce of the country was seized by the government, 
who distributed it to each district according to its popu- 
Neti Ape yaa 
Yet these very men, who seemed to have: bat one soul, 
then they acted forthe defence of France, were divided 
Into two most implacable parties. Roberspierte was at 
635 
triumphed, and by the middle of April all his most ac- _ History, 
tive opponents had suffered death. His own fate, how- 
ever, was not far distant ; for, on the 27th of July, se- 
yeral members of the Convention whom he meant to haye 
sacrificed, (among whom the most enterprising was Tal- 
lien,) accused him of tyranny: his arrest was decreed, fxecution 
and on the next day he was seized and executed. To of Rober-- 
him the Moderate party, as they were termed, succeed- ‘Pierre. 
ed; who, at the same time, that they stopt short of his 
atrocities, were undoubtedly inferior to him in talent, ac« 
tivity, and vigour; so that had not the great machine of 
the army been so admirably constructed, and so well sup- 
plied by Roberspierre and his party, it must have fallen 
in pieces, or at least worked with diminished effect under 
his successors. , 
The allies being now convinced that the French not’ 
only could bring into the field larger armies than they 
expected ; but that their generals possessed a very consi- 
derable degree of skill, and their troops steadiness and 
discipline, as well‘as enthusiasm, prepared to open the Campaign 
campai of 1794 with such a force, and on such a plan, of 1794. 
as, in their opinion, could not fail to render them gene< 
rally and permanently victorious. Their force amounts 
ed to upwards of 180,000 men, consisting of Dutch, 
Germans, and English, divided into six armies ; and 
their plan was, by getting within the frontier towns of 
France, to cut eir enemies from the interior. At 
first they met with some success; but the numbers 
which the decrees of the committee of public safety pours 
ed into the French armies, and the enthusiasm and are 
dour with. which even. these. raw troops were inspired, in 
a short-time not only deprived the allies of the fruits of 
their victories, but obliged them. to.act entirely on the- 
nsec He especially, was: eminently successful in ma 
ritime Flanders: Ypres surrendered to him, Charleroi 
was taken by Jourdan, who afterwards defeated the Aus- Grearens! 
trians at Fleurus. These misfortunes compelled the al+ cosses of the 
lies to retreat in every direction; and the French be- Fren 
held themselves advanced, victorious, to the confines of 
Dutch Flanders. On the Rhine, their success was equally 
erent, and from the same causes: before the-end of July, 
the Palatinate was in their possession. Iii the battles by - 
which these conquests were atchieved, they indeed lost 
immense numbers of men ; but their leading principle 
was to bring up superior forces every day till their ob- 
ject was accomplished ; and thus acting on their ene- 
mies with a , not only of greater weight, but of more 
rapid motion, they bore down all opposition, 
The only cases in which they were unsuccessful this 
eampaign, were in Corsica, and in their rencontre by sea 
with Lord Howe; the circumstances of both of which 
have been detailed in the History of Briain. 
From the pause which the Freuch army made, when 
it had advanced to the confines of Dutch Flanders, it 
was at first supposed that they did not mean to invade 
the United Provinces ; but aftera short pause, Pichegru - 
advanced, and the allies retreated before him, first across 
the Maese, and afterwards across the Rhine. On-the 
7th of November, Nimeguen was occupied by the French,’ 
when they again paused in the career of victory. On 
the borders of Spain they were equally successful ; the 
Spaniards were unable to stand before them, and the 
greater part of Navarre fell into their power, while, on 
the east side of Spain, Catalonia, by the conquest of Rew . 
sas, was left totally undefended, . 
