FRANCE. 
fully to the French on the Rhine, the Di Te- 
solved to exert their utmost endeavours to open that of 
1796, in such a manner as would restore their superio- 
rity, and regain their conquests. But when they 
for recruiting 
637 
ra, Bologna, and Urbino, were the fruits of this victory, History. 
the Austrians retirmg into the bishopric of Trent. | 
Naples and Tuscany fought and obtained peace. The * Conse 
siege of Mantua was the next object of the conquerors ; 1" 
but they were drawn from it by the re-advance of the 
Austrians under General Wurmser, who had been ap- 
pointed to su le Beaulieu. This general was not 
more successful than his ecessor ; and being obli- 
, after repeated defeats, to retire to the Tyrolese 
tier, Mantua was re-invested. After a month’s re- 
spite, the armies again tried their strength, and the 
ustrians being again defeated, the victors took posses- 
sion of Trent. They did not, however, at this time, 
long keep possession of this district, for Wurmser ; by 
to examine sarge aa = 
the armies, supplying them with the necessary pro- 
— and te , they found a lamentable defceney 
‘money. e assignats were excessively deprecia- 
ted; nor could their credit be any longer su 
by the most severe decrees, while an in issue 
only augmented the d iation. It was therefore 
resolved, on the 25th of March 1796, to dispose of the 
remainder of the church lands ; but it seems not to have 
entered into the of the Di , that, as the 
‘ os 
ee a 
a Gwe 
his manceuvres, drew them out of it ; and though he sus- 
tained another ee! yet, in his retreat, he succeeded 
in encouragin e garrison of Mantua, by throwin 
himself ito that place. The Austrian hay was ow 
placed under the command of Alvingi, who, at first, 
was b nbeng successful, but was at length driven across 
the Brenta by Bona . Mantua, however, still held 
out at the end of the year 1796. : 
The armistice in Germany terminated on the 31st of Operations 
May. In consequence of the success of the French at @™ Germe- 
the commencement of this campaign, the Archduke ny. 
igre, W en dag 
; . 
2 
ss SD gran I © 
lea 
greets 
ie 
3 
a 
ze 
e 
8 3 
a 
ing year, had the command of the third army 
Italian coast, from Nice to Genoa. The won- 
‘derful advantages of in Italy, and the de- 
feat of Jourdan, and retreat of Moreau, in Germany, 
‘portant. 
assumed the command, he 
threatened Genoa.. This induced Beaulieu, who com- 
manded the Austrian troops, to resolve on the attack 
of the whole French line ; but the attack being unsuc- 
As soon as 
trians, he defeated the former ; and, by his subsequent 
ing of Sardinia to 
the 
Lodi, im the Milanese. The bridge, at 
the Adda, was defended by 30 pi 
so very formidable, that all the 
Charles left the Palatinate, to force Jourdan down the 
Rhine. In this he succeeded ; but in the mean time, 
Moreau had crossed that river at Kehl, against him 
therefore the Archduke thought it proper to advance ; 
and Jourdan, taking advantage of this, again crossed 
the Rhine, and afterwards the Lahn, and gained pos- 
session of Frankfort. The Archduke, apprehensive 
that Jourdan and Moreau would form a junction, re- 
solved to attack the latter before it took place; but 
Moreau anticipated him, and the Austrians were com- 
pelled to retreat. Their army also, which was opposed 
to Jourdan, retreated, keeping up, however, a commu- 
nication with the main army under the Archduke. The 
line of their retreat was through Swabia; and, by the end 
of August, the three republican armies, under Moreau, 
Bonaparte, and Jourdan, were of the whole 
country from the frontiers of Bohemia to the Adriatic, 
with the exception of a part of the Tyrolese. 
riod, lese, and ea 
ed the Danube, the Em must have submitted 
to whatever conditions the French chose to dictate. 
The Archduke Charles being strongly reinforced, en- 
deavoured to oppose the advance of Moreau; but not 
su ing, he crossed the Danube, and attacked Jour- 
dan, leaving part of his army as a check on Moreau. 
Jourdan was now under the necessity of retreating, till, 
by the middle of ber, he arrived at Coblentz 
and Dusseldorf, from which places he had advanced at 
the beginning of the campaign. 
Moreau, in the mean time, endeavoured to drive be- 
fore him the part of the Austrians which were left to 
watch him’; but they, having been reinforced, he could 
: oreret 
not penetrate beyond the Iser. His communication 
with Jourdan was now completely cut off, and for some ee 
weeks he was ignorant of his fortune or movements. Moreau. 
F 
i 
As soon, however, as he learned: that he had been com- 
pelled to retreat, he was sensible that it was absolutely 
necessary for him to retreat also. In order to deceive 
the Pena who was opposed to him, he at first moved 
as if he meant to etrate further into Austria; and 
having thus compelled his adversary to fall back, he be- 
gan’ his retreat between the Danube at Ulm, and the 
