Peace of 
Amiens, 
A. D. 1802. 
Extent of « 
Bonaparte’s 
aa 
ge 
FRANCE. 
One of the first measures of Bonaparte, after he had History. 
fortresses in Piedmont and the Milanese. General Kray 
was desirous of extending this armistice to Germany, 
but to this Moreau would not consent; and two battles 
were fought without much advantage on either side. 
The French, however, . in eee _ 
at length opened themselves a into the heart 
Bavaria. At this period, Count St Julien arrived with 
proposals of peace from the cabinet of Vienna, and the 
armistice was extended Ste This none 
did not lead to peace, for the Emperor, encow 
Britain, resolved to the chances of another cam- 
es therefore recommenced in bay 
A Moreau was’surprised by the activity, near- 
ly defeated by the i ity of the Austrians ; but 
the Austrian abandoning his strong ee 
the fatal battle of Hohenlinden was fought on the 3d of 
December. In this battle, the Austrian centre was 
ierced, and their wings thrown into confusion ; their 
toss was dreadful ; their route complete. Pushing into 
U Austria, the victorious French reached the banks 
‘Ems. ‘The cabinet of Vienna was alarmed ; the 
Archduke, who had been deprived of the command of 
the army, was recalled ; but all his skill and efforts were 
in vain; and the Emp mournfully saw that peace 
alone could ‘save him from utter destruction. The 
treaty of Luneville was the consequence. 
Soon after Mr Addington became prime minister of 
Britain, a negociation was with France, which 
terminated in the peace of Amiens, on the 22d of 
March 1802. 
At this period, the territories of the Frerich republic 
‘were very extensive, and her extended even be- 
yond these territories. With ce, as it existed: 
viously to the Revolution, was inco the N 
lands, and that part of Germany which lies on the west 
of the Rhine, as well as Geneva, the duchy of Sever 
and the principality of Piedmont. The Dutch repu 
Tic was completely eatin! to the will = rye 
the Swiss possessed scarcely a larger portion of nation 
in lence. Spain, one the appellation of anally, 
was in fact a vassal state. The Ci — republic was 
completely under the yoke of the First Consul, who 
had been appointed its Presiden t for ten years. This re- 
public not only bane sige oe the Milanese, but also a 
considerable part of the Venetian territories, the duchies 
of Mantua, Modena, and Parma, and some of the dis- 
be Salerro Rome. A vassal king go- 
verned Tuscany, which was thus in reality p' un- 
der the power of France ; and the Ligurian republic 
equally subservient. Over all this immense tract 
. therefore, extending from the Ems to the 
of Gibraltar, and from the Atlantic to the Adria- 
did Bonaparte, as First Consul of France, exercise 
an absolute sway. 
But his power in fact was-not limited, even when this 
immense territory was included within it. The Emperor 
of Germany the German Princes had suffered so 
much from French invasion, that they durst not ques- 
tion the authority of 3 the King of Prussia 
had very recently displayed his devotion to his wishes, 
as well as an unjust regard to his own interest, by the 
seizure of Hanover ; and the new ror of Russia 
‘was too recently and mystetiously fixed on ‘the ‘throne, 
to come forward against the power of France. ; 
‘Britain alone, therefore, which had'so long, and with 
such wonderful perseverance and sacrifices, ‘resisted 
France, came out of the contest untouched in’ her na- 
tional ce, s “ 
VOL, 1X. PART 11. 
‘mation, than 
641 
placed France at peace with all her enemies, was the 
re-establishment of the Catholic religion. For this purs 
4% concordat or convention was concluded between 
im and the Pope, of which the following are the most 
important articles. No bull, &c. of the court of Rome, 
to be circulated or put in foree without the authority 
of government: No nuncio, ] , &c. to exercise his 
functions in France, without the consent of the govern- 
ment: No person to be named a bishop who is not a 
Frenchman: No bishop to quit his diocese, without 
leave from the First Consul: No festival, with the ex- 
ception of the Sabbath, shall be established without 
the ission of government. The nuptial benediction 
shall be given to those only, who shall prove in due 
form that their marriage has been contracted before a 
civil magistrate. ~ All religions were tolerated and pro- 
tected, and special rules were laid down for theiz 
idance. 
ar this concordat, Bonaparte 
ten years were to be the duration of his authority ; he 
was now, however, appointed for life, and the power 
conferred upon him of nominating his successor. Short. 
ly after this, his plans for another war to deve- 
themselves. On the 21st of Fe 1808, a view 
the state of France was laid before the Legislative 
Body and the Tribunate, the most i ing and im- 
portant part of which related to the dispute with Bri- 
et oom the retention of Malta. The nature 
and result of this di 
, we shall not here enter into, 
subsequent war, are fully nar- 
in the History of Brirary. 
parte resolved on hostilities with Britain, 
As soon as Bona- 
he marched 
an army into Osnaburgh and Hanover, and gai 
gained 
possession of these districts without opposition. On Declared 
eclaret Emperor, 
25th April 
1804, 
the 25th of A 
il 1804, he was d Emperor, by 
a decree of 
Tribunate of France, to the following 
When the national will (it was said) could manifest :it- 
self freely,it declared for the unity of the supreme power, 
and the hereditary succession of that power. This desire 
had been for a time extinguished by the tyranny of the 
family of the Bourbons, and the nation were oven to 
adopt a democratical form of government ; from this 
form, however, only the miseries of anarchy proceeded ; 
and the state was in the most extreme » when 
«« Bonaparte, brought back Providence, suddenly 
a for its salvation :” t the rane ree | for 
life, and the power granted to the First Consul of’ ap- 
inting his successor, could not prevent internal in- 
trigues; in order, therefore, to avoid them, and at the 
same time to follow the example of all great states, an- 
cient and modern, and to comply with the first wish of 
the nation in 1789, the i ought to 
be declared itary. This declaration the nation 
now makes more strongly and generally than ever ; 
and her gratitude and affection point out Bonaparte, 
Jrom whom and his family France expects more than any 
other, the maintenance of the rights and liberties of the 
—_ + That there is no title more suitable to his glory, 
to the dignity of the supreme chief of the French 
at of Emperor. , 
Such was the decree of the tribunate, which was fol- 
lowed by voting, “ That Y Bonaparte, the 
First Consul, be proclaimed Emperor of the French, 
4M ° 
ined great popularity Bonaparte 
with the mass of the nation ; and as he was almost ido- appointed 
lized by the soldiers, he experienced no difficulty in in. 600%! for 
creasing his power. When he was chosen First Consul, !- 
