688 
Statistics. go found near Paris; fibrons ‘near Riom in 
=e Auvergne, i in'the volcanic district ; and ala- 
. q 
FRANCE — 
: 
baster in Franche Compté, and at Lagny on the Marne, 
about 20 miles from Paris. Fluor is abundant in 
France, occurring in almost inexhaustible mines, in a4 
primitive mountains of Gyromagny, in the Vosges, 
the neighbourhood of Langeac in Auy 
Forez ; it is also found in ag mountain of vergne, and not far 
from L ons. Basalt, or perhaps whinstone, worn aed 
with aesnsdicas occurs near Ville leneuve-de-Berg, a town 
in the department of the Ardeche, 12 miles north-west 
* of Viviers. The coal mines of France will be after- 
wards noticed : at present we shall confine our remarks 
to a singular dyke that has been discovered in the coal 
field in the district of Boulogne. It runs in the form 
of a crescent from north to west, and consists of a 8 
cies of marble, found in several quarries in the vicinity. 
This dyke has been traced to the dicular depth 
of 600 feet, where it is succeeded by a schistus rock, and 
this, following the same course and inclination, conti- 
nues to intersect the horizontal strata. Granite dykes, 
ste an inch to six feet in thickness,—the quartz, feld- 
, and mica of which are of larger size than are usu- 
ally found in the granite of mountains,—occur on the 
great road between Limoges and Cahors, traversing ho- 
rizontal strata of illaceous schistus, a ies of 
stone that has generally been considered of for- 
mation than granite. 
2. Metallic veins and ores. The economical account 
of the mines of France will be afterwards given. Our 
subject at present i meg mineralogical. Small quan- 
tities of native cinn silver ore, red silver ore, 
and corneous silver ore, are found in France; the last 
at Allemont, where black silver ore also occurs. Of 
the ores of copper, France possesses native copper, and 
yellow copper ore. Native iron occurs at Oulli, near 
Grenoble. The chromate of iron has been found in con- 
— abundance in veins and nodules, in beds of 
tine, in the department of the Var. Of the ores 
of lead, brown lead ore, a rare species, occurs in 
the lead mines of Brittany.’ 1 them also native bis- 
muth is found. Native antimony, a very rare species, 
striated sulphuretted antimony, and red antimonial ore, 
are found at Allemont in Dauphiny, where occur yel- 
low cobalt ochre, red cobalt ore, a sulphuretted nickel, 
It is worthy of remark, that antimony has been found 
at this place imbedded in a matrix of pit-coal. The 
mine at Romanésche, in the department of 
the Sone and ae Loire, is distinguished by the follow- 
ing parti 1. It nomen a very considerable 
uantity of sul 
mts; not of pate of tye mixed, but in a state of chemical 
combination. 2. The total ‘absence of iron from: its 
composition is the more extraordinary, because the af- 
finity between these ‘substances is so ‘great, that few 
iron ores are destitute of manganese ; and no other in- 
stance of manganese devoid of iron has been found. 
3. The hardness of those portions of the ore that con- 
tain the least quantity of oxygen is so considerable, that 
they not only scrateh t even xock-crystal, and 
fr bright sparks w ‘struck. 4. When plunged 
a minute in water, the variety that contains the 
mantity of ox absorbs. a certain quantity 
tthe iquid ; and when taken out of it, emits a very 
s odour, though no clay has been de- 
in its composition, 5. In the same circumstan- 
ces, that variety which contains a larger portion of oxy- 
gen, rapidly absorbs a great quantity of water, with a 
hissing noise, and disengagement of air. The odour 
, about one-sixth of the sand, 
Ci ei 
3. Y avide enumerated the most remarkable of 
compound rocks, and metallic veins and ores, we. 
now notice the other mineral mubetamces, not nein 
in these two classes. + 
Earths and stones. Of the genus. Zircon, the ] 
cinth has been found in the rivulet Expailly, in the 
partment of the Upper Loire. Of the siliceous gen 
Olivine is found in the Vivarrais ; 3 grenetite in 
ny; the emerald, of a bad colour and confused 
lization, however, has lately been discovered in 
cinity of Limoges ; the 1, in a large vein a 
traversing tyes tourmaline, ava 
zite, or glassy pool of Kirwan, in Teuihearase on 
the surface iy ens 
FE 
varies of common quartz, held in ape evens estima~ 
been found near Vastes, in the department. of 
sy Two Reverie De " form of sonnted ag 
are n 1 depattmnent ura, 
ses of flint occur, with cavities conifatiniine sittin 
Chalcedony, in thin layers, al with neem 3 ane 
agate, imbedded in granite, uot nodules of the 
same granite, and penetrated with iron pyrites, have 
been found near Vienne, in the department of the Isere; 
menilite, the pitch-stone of Kirwan, at Montant, 
near Paris ; veins of rehnite, i in Dauphin = 
or efflorescent pam in the lead sage roth fi 
was first Hapnvered A in the grani' 
the department of the ioc as and a Lone, A it ce 
pies a vein of common pe pale hollow spar, a subspe- 
cies of feldspar, is imbedd in 
the mines Brittany. 
Of the stidlleceoen Canes cath is 5 found ‘, 
at Limoges and Bayonne. ° ive slate forms consi- 
derable at Mewil Monten, in which beds the me- 
nilite already noticed is found. The mountain of A- 
verne, near Frejus, which abounds in mineral produc. 
tions, — Jargs kpeir patty a sort of pani 
resemb ver |, wi 
the ra: Sats the most brilent offecr 
So rich do these that a representative of 
the people, not versed in eae ees , CYOSS= 
ing this mountain in 1793, « collected a quantity 
of this beautiful sand, rise Gay it with him to the 
Convention, as a proof of the negligence of the adminis- 
trators of the department of the Var, who trod under 
their feet treasures og oe to sustain the expence of 
the war against all the kings of the universe.» Besalt, 
lava, indurated lithomarge, &c. are also found in 
France. 
- Snow ofa very bright red colour has stuetintietieen 
found on the summits of the mountains. The 
matter which colours it, burns with a smell similar to 
that of a great many vegetable substances, Saussure, 
who often collected suéh snow on the Alpé, was indu- 
ced, by this property, as well as by its being found in 
summer, and in places ta a great many plants were 
a 
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