694 
Statistics. plants also to this class, which, if not strictly 
—Y~—" natives of France, have at least been long naturalized to 
the soil and climate ; these are Ceratonia siliqua, carob- 
tree; Pistachia Narbonensis, pistachia nut tree; Rham- 
nus zizyphus, jujube tree. 
But few species of the French flora need be men- 
tioned under the class Decandria, The-fraxinella, Dic- 
tamnus albus ; the yellow and Narbonne flax, Linum 
flavum, and Narbonense; the sweet William, Deptford 
pink, and carnation, Dianthus barbatus, armeria, and 
caryophyllus ; the ferruginous rhododendron, R. ferru- 
gineum ; and the strawberry ‘saxifrage, Saxifraga coty- 
ledon, are adopted into our, flower ens ; the rue, 
ruta graveolens ; and storax rue, Styrax officinalis, the 
former a native, the other naturalized at Hieres, are 
used in medicine. 
Decandria. 
Polyandria ~~ Many of the most beautiful plants of the classes Po- 
as ndria and- Icosandria, are to be met with wild in 
rance: such are Chelidonium corniculatum, scarlet 
horned py; Peonia officinalis, and tenuifolius, 
common and narrow leaved peony ; Ranunculus aconi- 
tifolius, mountain ranunculus ; Adonis autumnalis. aesti« 
valis, and vernalis, ae eye; Thalictrum aquilegi- 
folium, feathered columbine ; Aguilegia alpina, moun- 
tain columbine ; Nigella damascena, and_arvensis, fen- 
nel flower ; Helleborus niger, and hyemalis,, Christmas 
rose, and winter aconite ; Anemone alpina, hortensis 
and hepatica, alpine and scarlet anemone, and hepatica ; 
Delphinium elatum, 
monkshood. Several trees and shrubs, both ornamen- 
tal and useful, also arrange themselves: under one or 
other of these classes. Myrtus commniunis, the broad 
leaved —_— ws with great. luxuriance along the 
whole of the Wedifverranben coast. Capparis spinosa, 
the bush ; Cistus laurifolius, /and Monspeliensis, 
the laurel-leaved and Montpellier cistus, three low 
shrubs of exquisite beauty, hang from the summits, or 
cluster nui 
and Montpellier. In the same vicinity also, are found 
Rosa gailica, the Provence rose ; Mespilus pyracantha, 
the pyracantha; and Punica granaium, the pomegra- 
nate tree. 
A few trees and shrubs remain to be mentioned, 
which will be more conveniently taken together than 
separated into their botanical classes. These are Quer- 
cus wgilops, and Cerris, the greater and less prickly- 
cupped oak, two very fine species that are foand in 
plenty about Paris and Fontainebleau ; Quercus. cocct- 
Jera, Suber, and Ilex, the kermes oak, cork tree, and 
evergreen flax, growing chiefly in the southern provin-. 
ces ; Juniperus sabina, ot pa a and Phenicea, the 
savine, the brown and yellow berried juniper ; Osyris 
alba, s cassia; Phillyrea latifolia, and a i- 
Jolia, broad and narrow leaved phillyrea; and Erica 
arborea, tree heath ; all of them natives of Dauphiné, 
Provence, and Languedoc. 
Among the rare plants which the Pyrenees afford, 
may be noticed the following: Ranunculus glacialis ; 
Lt. parnassifolius ; Androsace aretia, (probably Carnea 
of Linnzus) ; Daphne calycina ; Saxifraga longifolia, 
and Arenaria fruticulosa, The plants found naturally 
wing on the best meadows in France, are exactly 
same as those which grow in the best meadows of 
Great Britain, viz. Lathyrus pratensis ; Achillea milli- 
Solium ; Trifolium pratense ; 
tago lanceolata ; medicago lupulina, this is yo a 0 
over the whole kingdom of France ; Medicago Arabica 
; Lotus corniculatus ; Poterium s i 
o these may be added another plant, found amply in 
Trees and 
shrubs. 
Rare plents 
in the Py- 
rences. 
Plants in 
the mea- 
dows. 
bee meq, rk Aconitum napellus, 
the sides, of the low rocks about Toulon 
rifolium repens; Plan-. 
FRANCE. 
the richest meadows in the south of F nd, whi 
is reraarkable, indigennte Engiead pansy. 
The botany of the rt of La Crau may 
be raspy erie fap gases Absinthiim os pamwanl 
ww, but so , as scarcely to recog 
poe There are also Centaurea ct ; 
solstitialis, and. Eryngium. Where this is wa- 
tered, however, clover, chicory, rib-grass, and avena 
elatior flourish, = 
III. The zoology of France, so far as it regards the Zoology. 
domesticated animals, will be afterwards given ; andom 
the other animals we must be brief, confining 
ourselves, indeed, to the pation sont of a very few. 
Bears are by no means uncommon in the vicinity of the 
Pyrenees, and Alps of Dauphiny. «There are both 
sorts, carnivorous and vege eaters; the latter are 
more mischievous than the former, though not so dread- 
ful, coming down in the night and prey hang corn, par- 
latter, 
Statistics. 
= 
ticularly buck-wheat and maize; and ead.to nied 
in choosing the sweetest ears of the 1: that they 
trample and _ spoil. infinitely more than they eat... The 
carnivorous bears wage war against the cattle and sheep> 
they attack the former by leaping on their backs, when 
they force the head to the ground, and thrust their 
petainte shew in a meee of a dreadful hug: _ 
ere are many hunting days every year for desttoy~ 
ing them, several parishes joining for that purpose, A 
bear never ventures to attack a wolf; but several.wolves 
ee her, when hungry, ul sew and 
Volves are very common in different parts of France, 
and very destructive to the sheep. "Ties 
also found in some parts. of this kingdom. _ The ibex, 
rock-goat, or bouquetin (or. bouctain, from bouc, a goat, 
because they resemble goats), are found in - 
nees, and in the Alps of Dauphiny. 
grey colour, with very long and strong 
mountains of Volni, near Rochecourte, in the mountains 
of Dauphiny, the chamois is found, of the antelope: 
class.. The Becca-fico, and the Cicala, of the Italians, 
are not uncommon in the southern provinces of France.’ 
The Cicala never ceases making its peculiar 
makes is said not to proceed from its throat, but from 
two membranes underneath the wings towards the tail, 
which it fills with wind, and blows tike bellows, os 
‘it. 
CHAP, IV. 
~ Agriculture of France. > 
the Agricultural 
- Berore the Revolution, agriculture in France wih 
nearly in the same > which it is still in almost 
