730 
Statistics. 1,984,500,000 livres tournois, or 36,750,000 marcs, at 
Y=" 54 livres to the mare, 
General 
produce, 
The economistes, some years previous to the Revolu- 
tion, valued the me reproduction at between 
8,134,000,000 and 4,000,000,000 livres. 
In 1789 there in France a memoir on the 
coramerce of that kingdom and her colonies, which sup- 
plies the following details on this subject. 
~ 
1. Agriculture. 
Livres, 
oe eee A ee + ++ 700,000,000 
Cattle, igevival is ys its beer: Syke + 400,000,000 
Hay andforage, . ..... + 60,000,000 
Wine, brandy, &. . 2. 1 « 850,000,000 
Oil, oiled Tah a6 |. 0) 4). Bitte Ae 60,000,000 
Wood, . ‘ . 146,000,000 
Wool, .. ‘ 35,000,000 
Silk, jhe e ‘ 25,000,000 
Hemp and flax, 50,000,000 
Total of agriculture, . . 1,826,000,000 
2. Manufactures. 
lie, Aptos be gyre 161,250,000 
Woollen, S) SRW Sees is ata 92,500,000 
Ss ey age id"? AE Sis ayes xe 41,600,000 
Millinery, . . 2 2 5,000,000 
Tapestry, , &e. - 800,000 
Mercery i eniries é 75,000,000. 
Leather, « .°. . . . 6,000,000 
Pazlery:* Lente 7,200,000 
Jewellery, &c. livres 2,500,000 
Glass, iron, earthenware, &c. 38,200,000 
Soap, . interes Lett t4 5 - 5,000,000 
i refineries, = - 4,800,000 
a Eee > 2 . 2,700,000 
Tobacco, . . u + 1,200,000: 
Starch, . 25. - ‘ - 1,200,000 
Fisheries, ... 20,000,000 
Different other branches of art, 60,000,000. 
Total of manufactures, &c. 524,950,000 
Produce of the agriculture of the colonies, 200,000,000 
Houses and other buildings, . . . . 300,000,000 
Articles omitted, . . 149,050,000 
Total of agriculture, manufactures, colo- 
nial produce, &c., . . . . . 8,000,000,000 
In this general result, M. Arnold, in his treatise De 
la Balance du Commerce de la France, M. le Trosne De 
U Administration Provinciale, 1788, and M. Dupont 
Lettre ala Chambre du Commerce de Normandie, near} 
agree : the first gives the total at 3,400,000,000 ;.M. 
rosne calculates it at 3,134,000,000; and M. Dupont 
at between 3,200,000,000 and 4,000,000,000, 
CHAP. VII. 
Population at different Periods—Wages— Poor—Fuel 
and Provisions—Religion—Finanees before and 
pond the ag) Meese 2 Navy — Weights, 
casures, and Money— Language and Literature— 
National Character. 
Tuere are scarcely any data, on which we can Cal 
. senatus consultum of the 4th of 
FRANCE. 
culate the extent of the population of France, previous- Statistics. 
ly to the Revolution; yet it may be to notice 
some of the conjectures on this 1577, the 
Duke of Nevers calculated that in- inions of 
France, there were 3,000,000 of hearths; 
each of them at si to pee ined 
at persons toa uy, , 
polation of only 18,000,000. Bat at hia period, nether 
tes Burgund , Rousillon, Ardagne, nor Bearn, 
ware included in the monarchy. In 1581, the whole 
the : 
not increased, sinceby themit is rated only at 20,093,000; 
and at this period great additions had been made to the 
territories of France. In the year 1754, the Marquis 
de Mirabeau rated the whole ion still 4 
viz. at 18,000,000, In 1772, the Abbé d’Expilly esti- 
mated it at 22,140,357 ; and nearly at the same peri 
Buffon estimated it at 21,672,777. In 1785, 
rated it at 24,676,000. In 1789, M. Bouvaliet-Desbro« 
ges estimated it at 27,957,267 ; and in 1791, the Com- 
mittee of the National Assembly, from a more accurate 
calculation, stated it to be 26,363,074. In 1798, ac- 
cording to M. Prony, the population of France, inclu- 
ding Corsica and the conquered countries; amounted to - 
$1,123,218 ;. viz. 26,048, 254 in the territories of an- 
cient France ; 3,511,055 in the Venaisin, Savoy, Nice, 
1,563,909 
7 
, Geneva, the Austrian Netherlands, &e. ; and 
in the countries situated 
the Rhine and the 
Moselle. In 1799, M. | 
whole repletion of France amount to 33,111,962. 
This number, however, does’ not include Piedmont and 
the Isle of Elba, From these and other data, we may 
safely conclude, that the population of the kingdom of 
France, within the limits now prescribed to it, is near 
ly 26,000,000 ; or, that if the destruction caused by the 
ambition of Bonaparte has reduced it below that amount, 
it will soon rise to it again. a yor , 
Of the 26,363,074 inhabitants which, 
the report of the committee of the National Ass a 
constituted the lation of France in the year 1791, 
5,709,270 orencinkabiaits of the cities, towns, &c, and 
20,521,538 were inhabitants of the country. From this 
it aj 8, that at this period Jess than one-fourth of the 
e inhabited towns; and from Mr Birkbeck’s..re- 
marks, it is evident that this is the case at errant, 
least to an equal .. His observations to - 
be quate. “ The Ce vest at Eien a to be 
us: a town (Moulins for instance) depends 
Ss 
nce on the lands i 
it. . The eg a as, wip een 
spare ; because, as theit is a sort of garden« 
ioe it country population, and has in 
ing, it requires a 
pai A Sag nity of produce... Tanade Soaaas 
saree: be ironght all from the country ; 
on pata is whom th me. 
loys is beyond tion. titudes, in, 
ploy th "ay | a ; 
cei t for his surplus produce in sous, and he 
poate parepeine, The tadetman is on par with 
the farmer ; as they receive, so they.spend. And thus 
