FRANCE. . 
50,000 persons may inhabit a district, with a town of 
Fs net apg in the centre of it ; bartering the super- 
‘the country for the arts and manufactures. of 
the town. Poor from generation to generation, and 
i rs ef per as they increase in num- 
in the country, by the division and subdivision of 
property ; in the town, by the division and’ subdivision 
of trades and professions.” ; 
The following Table exhibits the population’ of dif- 
731 
ferent districts of France, a8 it existed at the end of the 
17th century, and a few years previous to the Revolu- 
tion ; with the number of people to the square league, 
at each period, and the increase in the latter period. . It 
may be proper to premise, that the population of the 
former period is taken from the’ of the Intendants, 
and that of the latter period from the book of the ad- 
ministration of the finances of France. 
maladie Square reat ry a he cme Nee rarer Inhabitants} y,_ 
e e [to the square|few befe th 
Leagues.) meh century. rade the Revolution! Teague. oo ¢ 
aritime districts, ...... . . | 10538|°8,775,000 832 |10,180,000| 966 |134 
rontiers, comprising Lorraine, . | 7848] 4,383,000 583 | 6,182,000 781 «+1198 + 
terior districts,.......0- 6991) 4,995,000 714 5,94 9,000; 850 |136 
istrict of Paris, ...... es 1157) 1,577,000 1368 1,782,000; 1540 |177 
istrict of Lyons, ........ |: 416} 863,000}. 875 634,000] 1522 |647 
26,950!20,093,000 782 24,677,000 915 1133 }. 
“Assuming the population in 1802 to have venth of its inhabitants, notwithstanding it is one 
$8,111,962, in all the territories at that time an- fifth of its extent. Thus it appears, that alt ough one 
nexed, except Piedmont and the Isle of: Elba, French third of France, as it existed in 1802, only Jay on 
and Austrian Flanders, which comprised the d the north of the parallel of Paris, yet the population of 
ments of the Scheldt, the Lys, and the North, con- the northern part, Paris included, was not much in- 
i 
1,748,669 inhabitants within a territory of 
41364 miles, which is somewhat more than 422 in- 
habitants per mile. The population of the 
country round Paris, notwithstanding the weight of 
that city in the scale, was inferior. If we take the 
two of the Seine, and the Seine and 
Oise, the d ent of the Marne, exclusive of the 
district of Fountainebleau, and besides the two dis« 
tricts of Beauvais and Senlis, which belong to the de- 
partment of the Oise, we shall find in 1802 only a po- 
pulation of 1,496,223 over an extent of 4198} square 
miles. Next to Flanders, Normandy is he dee popu- 
lous district in France. The five ents of which 
it is composed, exhibit a population of 2,465,507 souls, 
in 1802, over a surface of 9175% square miles, equal to 
268} inhabitants per mile. The population of the south- 
east of France, on the contrary, is very small. In the 
ete ay ant ere was not in 1802 more 
than 80 inhabitants per mile. The population of the Py. 
renees was also yery thin, though superior to that of t 
Alps. The three ents of the Pyrenees and that 
of the Arriege contained 900,167 inhabitants over ‘an 
extent of 65324 square miles, or nearly 138 per square 
mile. The most populous of all the departments, to the 
south of the 48 degree of latitude, is that of the Mouths 
of the Rhone, which, however, in 1802, contained only 
920,072 inhabitants over a territory of 1550} square 
miles, or about 205 inhabitants square mile. The 
tion of most of thie rest of the departments in this 
portion of France was very inconsiderable: if, for in- 
stance, the eleven departments of Aude, Aveyron, Cher, 
Drome, Indre, Landes, Loire and Cher, Logere, 
Nievre, Var, and Vienne, be taken er, their 
pas in 1802 will be found to be only 2,599,911 in- 
itants over 23,778 square miles; that is, 109 inhabi- 
tants per square mile, which islittle more than one-fourth 
of the population of Flanders. If the population of these 
eleven ents be added to that above stated of 
the Alps and the Pyrenees, it will appear that in 1802, 
there were only 3,017,320 inhabitants over a territory 
of 126,869 kilometers; whence it appears. that this 
southern part of France contained then only the ele« 
inferior to the southern division. Taking the whole 
population of France as it was in the beginning of 1802, 
when its territorial extent was 30,505 square leagues, 
it gives 1086 inhabitants for the square league. Esti« 
mating the acres at 131,722,295; and taking the popu« 
lation to be, as it was in the beginning of the Revolu- 
Statistics. 
—=—— 
Population. 
tion, 26,363,074, there will at present be nearly five: 
acres a head. 
In 1802, Paris was calculated to contain 546,856 in« 
habitants ; there were 3 cities, that contained above - 
100,000 each, viz. Bourdeaux, Marseilles, and Lyons; 
8, from 100,000 to 50,000; but in these were includ- 
ed Antw 
erp, Brussels, Ghent, and Liege; 12, from. 
50,000 to 30,000; but in these also were included: 
Cologne and Bruges ; 22, from 30,000 to 20,000; 24, . 
from 20,000 to 15,000 ; and 45, from 15,000 to. 10,000. 
In short, at this period there were calculated to be 500° 
towns in the French republic as it then existed, cone- 
taining 5,405,119 inhabitants. - « 
The annual number of births in France is as 1 to 
25: and of these every 47th child in 1780 was illegi- 
Births, 
M arriages, 
timate ; the proportion of illegitimate children since and Deaths. 
the Revolution has very much increased, the calcula~ 
tion being that évery 11th child is now illegitimate. 
The number of marriages is as 1 to 110. The number of 
deaths is as 1 to 30. The prefect of the de; ent of 
the Doubs, on comparing the accounts of the children: 
that died under 10 years of age in 1800, and. of those 
that died under 10 hae of age in 1802, found that 
939 more children had died in that single department 
in 1800 than in 1802, and ascribed the difference to the 
t progress which vaccine inoculation had made in 
e latter period. In 1801, M. Morgues published a 
statistical Essay, containing the result of 21 years ob 
servations on the relative and actual number of births, 
deaths, and marriages at pps st from 1771 to 
1792. The average of the whole population, during 
the whole 21 years, was 32,897: during the three au« 
tumnal months there were one-fourth more births than 
during the three spring months ; yet the greatest num- 
ber of births. was_in January, and the least in June. 
The average annual births were 1197 or 3*;, one-half of 
