742 FRANCONIA. 
Franconia. ings, &c. and 8000 inhabitants ; Neustadt, Bayersdorf, taining 6000 inhabitants ; Tlmenau, on the eastern bor- Franconia. 
—vY~" and a number of other market towns and large vill der, with several mines of copper and silver; Meinun- —— 
The principality of Ansbach, or Onolzbach, is bound- 
ed by the territories of Bayreuth, Bamberg, and Wurtz- 
burg, It is generally fertile ; but some parts are remark- 
ably monntainous and sandy. It is watered by the 
Jaxt, the Rednitz, and the Altmuhl ; and near the vil- 
lage of Graben, some remains may still be traced of the 
canal between the two last of these rivers, by ‘which 
Charlemagne opened a communication, in 798, between 
the Danube and the Rhine. The principality contains 
215,000 inhabitants ; and its chief towns are, Ansbach, 
or Anspach, (see ANspacu,) the residence of the Mar- 
grave, a well-built town containing 13,000 people, and 
situated in the centre of the country ; Schwabach, a mas 
nufacturing town, situated on the river of the same name, 
about 18 miles east of the capital, containing 6000 inha- 
bitants, and noted for its hardware, ‘stockings, and tap- 
estry ; Wendelstein, a handsome town, seven miles 
east of the last mentioned place; Cadolsburg, a consi- 
derable town surrounded with walls, and defended by a 
castle; Furth, a well-built and trading borough, about 
five miles north of Nurnberg; Roth, a little manufactu- 
ring town seven leagues south-east of Anspach, famed 
for its weavers of stocking and lace, and for an imperial 
asylum for persons guilty of manslaughter ; Uffenheim, 
a handsome and flourishing manufacturing town, with 
several good public buildings, about 25 miles north-west 
of Anspach ; Heilsbrun, Feuchtwang, &c. 
The principality, or rather lordship of Limburg, lying 
south-west of Nurnberg, extends about 20 miles from 
north to south, and 18 from east to west. It contains 
15,000 inhabitants ; and its principal towns are, Upper 
Sontheim, Gaildorf, Markt-Einersheim, defended by a 
castle, and Sommerhausen, fortified with a rampart and 
ditch. ; 
The-county of Schwarzenberg, north-west of Nurn- 
berg, and in the interior of the circle, is about’20 miles 
long and & broad. It contains 24,000 inhabitants ; and 
its principal towns are, Markt-Schainfeld, Geiselwind, 
Markt-Brait, &c. ; 
The county of Wertheim is situated between the ter- 
ritories of Mentz and the bishopric of Wurtzburg, and is 
traversed by the river Mayne. It yields a considerable 
produce of wine; and its chief places are, Wertheim, 
Remlingen, Freudenberg, Hochst, Helbach; and Bran- 
berg, formerly celebrated for its aqueducts, which were 
destroyed by Turenne in 1675. 
The county of Erbach, nearly surrounded by the territo- 
ries of the Lower Rhine, is about 20 miles in length and 
16 in breadth; mountainous, but well cultivated; provided 
with quarries of stone and marble, and several good mines 
ofiron. Its chief towns are, Erbach, an old town witha 
citadel and wall ; Michelstadt, which has an iron found- 
ery in its vicinity ; Freienstein, Furstenau, &c. 
The county of Henneberg, in the northern part of the 
circle, is about 40 miles from east to west, and from 20 
to 30 from north to south, and is traversed by the river 
Werra. There are several forests and mountains, mines 
of iron, salt, and mineral springs in the country. Grain 
and tobacco are raised in the more level districts. It is 
divided into several portions belonging to the electoral 
houses of Saxony, gece Weimar, Saxe-Gotha, Hesse- 
Cassel, &c. Its principal places are, Schleusinger, near 
the forest of Thuringia, containing 2200 people ; Suhla, 
a manufacturing town three leagues farther north, cone 
3 
, in the centre, seven leagues west from the last men- 
Goned: containing 3500 people ; Salzungen, near the 
north border, celebrated for its salt springs ; Schmalkal« 
den, a considerable manufacturing town, three 
northward from Meinungen, and famed in history for the 
league ofthe Protestant princes in 1531. be Iu,t 
The principality of Hohenloe, of a very fi- 
gure, is about 40 miles from east to west, and 25 from 
north to south. It is watered in the western part by the 
Kocher, and in the eastern by the Tauber and Wornitz. 
Its mountains afford various kinds of timber ; its vallies 
are covered with excellent pastures ; and its southern 
hills are clothed with vineyards. It contains 80,000 in 
habitants. Its principal towns are, Ochri » in the. 
south-west corner, containing 3900 péople ; Frankenau, 
a considerable manufacturing place near the’source of the: 
Wornitz; Kunselsau, situated. in a hilly quarter, and: 
containing 2100 inhabitants; Ingelfingen, Kirchberg,. 
&e. er 5asta-vens adnate 
Besides these, are the counties of Reineck and Castell, 
and the lordships of Hausen, Welsheim, Seinsheim, Rei 
chelsberg, and Wesentheid, which are of very little ex- 
tent, each containing only a’ small town, ora few villages: 
The imperial cities are Rothen an old and well- 
built town in the county of Anspach, containing 8000 
inhabitants, surrounded by walls and strong towers ;, 
Windsheim, a small fortified place in the same county, con« 
taining 2500 people ; Scheinfurt, a small fortified town on 
the Mayne ; Weissenburg, a small place in the bishopric 
of Aichstadt ; and Nurnberg, or Nuremberg, which will 
form the subject of a separate article. The more remark- 
able also of the towns here mentioned, will be found un= 
der their respective titles, _ : ic, iets ak 
The districts of Bamberg and Wut contain 
some of the best land in Germany, and abound in all the 
necessaries of life. The inhabitants are skilful in ogni 
culture ; but in manufactures, are very far behind their 
more northern neighbours. In the vicinity of Bamberg, 
the art of gardening is practised to a great extent ; and 
immense quantities of small pickled girkins, the best 
onions in Germany, and especially liquorice roots, are 
carried as far as Holland as articles of trade, The com- 
mon people believe that there is no liquorice in any 
other part of the world, and that the possession of this, 
root was given to them as an exclusive privilege by St 
Cunigunda, who is interred in their cathedral. . Notwith- 
standing, however, of the excellence of the soil, and the 
gentleness of their ecclesiastical rulers, the people in these 
two rich bishoprics are in general eee 3 and 
more s are to be seen among them in many 
of the less favoured districts. This has been ascribed 
partly to the dissipated and luxurious manners of the in- 
- habitants, and to the numerous acts and institutions of 
charity, which the Roman Catholic system be prevail~ 
ing religion of the country) is supposed to ace. Frnt 
An she territories of Bayreuth and Anspach, the boun- 
ties of nature are less liberally a eats “el 
spirit of industry prevails among people ; _ 
inhabitants though loaded with taxes, are in much better 
circumstances than in the fertile anne of wd a 
states. In the smaller principalities, e _in gene« 
ral are subject to great oppression, sha = those whose 
masters reside in the greater courts. They are not only 
thus deprived of the advantages which would arise from 
— 
v= 
