P O R 



120 



FOR 



lying on her side to repair her keel, a sudden squall 

 threw her broadside on the water, and the lower deck 

 ports not having been lashed down, she filled with wa- 

 ter and sunk in about three minutes. Admiral Kem- 

 penfelt and above 4-00 of her crew, besides 200 women, 

 perished in her. Her top-masts are yet visible above 

 water. 



The following is the population of the burgh of 

 Portsmouth and the town of Portsea, according to the 

 census of 1821. 



Inhabited houses, 



Families, * . 



Houses building, 



Houses uninhabited, . 



Families employed in agriculture, 



Ditto in trade, 



Males, 



Females, 



Total population, . ' . 



Total population in 1811, 



8,627 



10,460 



17 



628 



692 



4,445 



20,425 



25,223 



45,668 

 40,567 



Increase since 1811, . . . 5,081 



Position of Portsmouth Academy, West. Long. 1 6' 

 1". North Lat. 50 48' 2". For farther information re- 

 specting Portsmouth, see the Bandies of England and 

 Wales, vol. vi. p. 314 332. M. Dupin's Memoires 

 stir la Marine el les Fonts et Chaussecs de France et 

 Angleterre. Paris, 1818, p. 36.; and his Force Mi" 

 litaire de Grande Bretagne, torn. ii. p. 425. 



PORTSOY is a considerable sea-port town of Scot- Portsoy, 

 land, in the county of Banff, and parish of Fordyce. ^^y^ 

 It stands on a point of land projecting into the Moray 

 Firth, which forms a secure harbour for vessels of con- 

 siderable burthen. There is here a species of serpen- 

 tine, called Portsoy marble, which is manufactured into 

 tea-cups, vases, sleeve buttons, and other small orna- 

 ments. The quarry of it is very extensive, and stretches 

 out about four miles in length. Another mineral found 

 here has excited great interest in consequence of having 

 been described and drawn by the late Dr. Hutton in 

 the Edinburgh Transactions, vol. i. p. 255, and Plate ii. 

 It is .a sort of flesh-coloured granite, and occurs about 

 four or five miles west of Portsoy, on the road to Hunt- 

 ly. It is connected with the common granite of the 

 country. The singularity of this kind of granite con- 

 sists in the uniformity of the ground of feldspar, and 

 the regular shape of the quartz mixture. The trans- 

 verse sections of these longitudinal prisms of silex, exhi- 

 bits not only separately the forms of certain typogra- 

 phic characters, but collectively give the regular lineal 

 appearance of types set in writing. 



Portsoy, besides sending out a number of vessels to 

 the fishery, carries on a considerable manufacture of 

 thread for the London and Nottingham markets. The 

 population of the town is about 1000. West Long. 

 2 36' and North Lat. 57 38'. 



PORTUGAL. 



Situation. 



Name. 



v ortu S* 'j i ORTUQAL, the most westerly kingdom of Europe, is 

 bounded on the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean, 

 and on the east and north by Spain. It is situated be- 

 ween 36 56' and 42 7' of north latitude, and 7 34' 

 and 9 30' of west longitude. Its form is oblong, ex- 

 tending in length from north to south 360 British 

 miles, and in medial breadth from east to west 120, 

 its superficial extent being estimated at about 40,000 

 square miles. 



Respecting the name of Portugal there have been va- 

 rious conjectures. Some have asserted that a colony of 

 Gauls, having landed at the place now denominated 

 Oporto, called it Portus Gallorum ; and that at length 

 the name was applied to the whole country, but soft- 

 ened into Portugal. The most probable, and the ge- 

 nerally received opinion, however, is, that on an emi- 

 nence overlooking the site of the present Oporto, there 

 was, during the time of the Romans, a town or fort 

 named Calle, and that the harbour of this place (the 

 mouth of the river Douro) being of unrivalled excel- 

 lence, it was, by way of distinction, termed Porlus Cal- 

 lus, or Porto Cal/c ; a name which, as the country was 

 gradually recovered from the Moors, was extended to 

 the whole kingdom. The ancient appellation of this 

 country was Lusilania ; but the boundaries of the two 

 did not exactly correspond, Lusitania excluding the 

 two southern provinces of Portugal, and comprehend- 

 ing some portions of the north-western districts of 

 Spain. The term Portugal does not occur in any writ- 

 ings earlier than the middle of the eleventh century. 



Population. Portugal is divided into six provinces : Entre Douro 

 e Minho, and Tras os Monies towards the north ; Beira 

 and Estremadura in the centre ; Alentejo and Algarve 

 towards the south. The population of this kingdom 

 was long a subject of conjecture and uncertainty ; but 

 a census of the kingdom having been instituted in 1802) 



the truth has now been exactly ascertained. The two Portugal 

 northern provinces were found to contain 907,965 and i^- r^, 

 318,6'05 souls respectively ; the two central, 1,121,595 

 and 826,680 ; the two in the south, 380,480 and 

 1 27,61 5 making altogether a total of 3,683,000. The 

 number of parishes was ascertained to amount to no 

 fewer than 4262 ; the number of families to 760,152; 

 averaging, it is evident, 178 families to each parish, 

 and nearly five individuals to each family. 



The climate of Portugal is various in the different Climate, 

 parts of the kingdom. In the south it is extreme- 

 ly mild and pleasant, and would indeed be scorch- 

 ing, were it not moderated by the Atlantic breezes. 

 It is considerably more temperate in the centre ; while 

 in the north it is comparatively cold, is subject to rains 

 to a degree unknown in any other part of the king- 

 dom, and is altogether characteristic of a country situa- 

 ted several degrees farther distant from a tropical re- 

 gion. The rugged mountain tracts of Tras os Monies, 

 together with its northern situation, may probably ac- 

 count for this diversity of climate. In every quarter 

 of the kingdom, indeed, the mountain ridges are re- 

 markable for comparative intensity of cold; while, in 

 the valleys, which are extensive and numerous, the air 

 is infinitely milder and more genial ; not so much so, 

 however, as in the parallel situations of Spain, as these 

 latter enjoy not the cooling advantages of the sea-coast, 

 by which the former is every where distinguished. In 

 Portugal frost is never very intense, and, in most cases, 

 the frost which is formed during the night the heat of 

 the returning sun immediately thaws and removes. 

 Snow also is extremely rare, except on the summits of 

 the highest mountains; in so much, to use the words of 

 an intelligent traveller, that, in the year 1784, some 

 happening to fall, " the common people were so alarm- 

 ed that they ran into the churches, and tnought the 



