PRINTING MACHINERY. 



PI ;iiiin" 



Machinery 



a third roller NX, made of metal, and turned with 

 great accuracy. A quantity of the ink is placed against 

 the rcilli-r, and upon .steel plate ()(), which allows 

 .diving roller NN to draw down a thin film of it, 

 \vhieh In-in^ successively taken up by RI and Kit taken 

 fi.iin (he latter by the types. 



The following description of the general motion of 

 the machine, and of the minute *ructure of its parts, 

 i> aliridged from Dr. Hee.s's article on Printing. 



The sheet of paper is introduced, by placing it upon 

 a blanket, which is extended upon a feeding-board 1' I', 

 and drawn into the machine at a proper time, by hav- 

 ing a small ruler, 2, fixed to it. The ends of this are 

 taken forward by two studs, b, attached to endless 

 chain?, which are extended from the wheels, e, e, at the 

 end of the plattin, to other wheels, d, d, which are 

 supported in the frame of the feeding-board. The 

 wheels, e, e, having teeth entering the links of the 

 chaiiv, cause them to traverse when the machine is 

 turned round, and at the proper time the pins, b, draw 

 the ruler, 2, and blanket forward, and introduce the 



171 



the fixed frame, I) B. The machine is put in motion PrinUng 

 by the handle with the fly-wheel, H. and thi hat a Machinery. 

 small wheel, G, turning a large one, F, upon the end Wy^ 

 of the axis /. 



The frame supporting the feeding hoard; P, contists 

 of two rails, X, fitted upon the axis of the plattin, and 

 supported at the opposite ends by a brace from the 

 framing; they sustain the pivots of the wheels, d, d, 

 for the chains ; x are two rulers fixed at each side of 

 the feeding-board, and forming a lodgment for the 

 ends of the ruler 2, which is attached to the blanket, 

 and it slides upon these when it is advanced by the 

 chains. The spaces on the plattin between the seg- 

 ments, i, i, are all filled up by pieces of wood, except 

 one, and in this space the ruler is received when it 

 passes through the machine. In the interval when the 

 spaces between the types are passing over the sheet, 

 and therefore leave the margin between the pages of 

 printing, the paper is not held between the rollers; but 

 to prevent it from slipping during this interval, the 

 blanket and paper are pressed down upon the pieces of 



paper into the machine, and by passing between the wood which fill up in the plattin between the segment", 



ttviewt oi/) w^lottirk it ic t-vnrifo/l MC li^fVir*^ m*nt innpfl 1. 2. nV T.nP \VPIrrMf nl 3rnull rnllorc /-> wt*Aa A .v*s** 



prism and plattin, it is printed as before mentioned. 

 The pages ot types are placed in frames or gallies, a, a, 

 and fastened by the screws at the ends. These gallies 

 are attached to the four sides of the central axis of the 

 prism by the screw-clamps, 1, the edges of the gallies 

 being mitred together. The plattin I i, is composed 

 of four segments of cylinders, t ;', which are attached 

 to the different sides of the central axis, I, by means 

 of screws. The two wheels, D, E, which cause the 

 prism and plattin to accompany each other, are form- 

 ed to correspond with the two. Thus the upper 

 wheel, D, is a square, with its angles rounded off, 

 and the pitch exactly of the same size as the square 

 formed by the surfaces of the types. The lower wheel, 

 E, is of the same shape as the plattin, and its pitch line 

 the exact size of the surface thereof. These wheels 

 being cut into teeth, will turn each other round, and 

 make their surfaces at the point of contact exactly cor- 

 respond in their motions, so as to have no sliding or 

 slipping upon each other. To regulate the pressure up- 

 on the paper, the bearings in which the pivots of the 

 plattin are supported, can be elevated by screws, 3, and 

 its surface will press with more force upon the types ; 

 but that this may not derange the action of the wheels, 

 J) and E, universal joints are applied in their axles at 

 R. The inking cylinder, K, is caused to preserve its 

 proper distance from the centre of the prism by wheels, 

 8, fixed upon its axis, and resting upon shapes, T, 

 fixed upon the axis of the prism. Each of the shapes, 

 like the wheel D, has four flat sides, corresponding in 

 size with the surfaces of the types ; the angles are 

 rounded to segments of a circle to the centre : the 

 wheels, S, are of the same size as the inking cylinder. 

 The inking cylinder is turned round by a cog-wheel, V, 

 on the axis of the prism, of the same shape as the wheel, 

 D, and engages another wheel, W, upon the end of he 

 spindle of the inking cylinder : the latter wheel like- 

 wise gives motion to the distributing roller by a pinion, 



f, and this again turns the ink roller by a third pinion, 



g, fixed upon the end of its axis, n, which is support- 

 ed upon bearings, B, B, in the frame. The pieces, 

 L, L, which support the pivots of the distributing roller 

 and inking cylinder, are fitted upon the axis, n, of the 

 inking cylinder, so as to rise and tall upon its centre. 

 The steel plate, O, which, as before mentioned, regu- 

 lates the quantity of ink that the roller, N, shall take 

 round with it, is supported by a piece extended across 



i, i, by the weight of small rollers or wires, 4, support- 

 ed by cocks, 5, projecting from the axis of the prism, 

 and being fitted into the slits at the end of these cocks. 

 Many adjustments are required to make it work cor- 

 rectly. The segments, i, i, upon the plattin roller are 

 attached to the central axis, I, by three screws at each 

 end ; the two middle ones of these (represented with 

 square heads) draw the segments down upon the cen- 

 tral axis, whilst the others (which are turned by a 

 screw driver) bear them off; therefore by means of 

 these screws, the segments can be accurately ad- 

 justed. To render the whole impression greater 

 or less, the screws, 3, beneath the bearings of the 

 plattin roller, are turned as before mentioned. The de- 

 gree of pressure with which the ink roller bears upon 

 the types, is regulated by increasing or diminishing 

 the size of the shapes, T, which support its weight. 

 And to render these capable of adjustment, each is 

 composed of four pieces, marked 6, attached by screws, 

 7, to a central piece or wheel, which is fixed upon the 

 axis ; and as the edges of these pieces form the outline 

 of the shape, they admit of being adjusted by other 

 screws to a greater or less distance from the centre, 

 and of course may be made to bear up the ink cylinder, 

 till the pressure on the types is equal throughout the 

 whole surface, and sufficient to supply the ink p>-cper- 

 ly. The ink cylinder is adjustable as to its pressure 

 against the distributing roller, and for this purpose the 

 bearings, k, which support the cylinder, are fitted up- 

 on the pieces, L, to slide, being capable of regulation 

 by means of screws. In a similar manner the distri- 

 buting roller can be adjusted to a proper distance from 

 the inking cylinder. The plate, o, can be adjusted for 

 the distance from the ink roller, N, by screws, p, fast- 

 ened by thumb nuts : behind the inking cylinder, K, a 

 rubber or scraper, is placed, to press very lightly against 

 the cylinder, and to prevent the ink accumulating in 

 rings round the cylinder. It is necessary that the wheels 

 D and should be placed upon their axes, in such a 

 position that their curvature will corresj>ond with the 

 curvature of the prism and plattin. For this purpose 

 the universal joint, R, is fitted upon the axis, /, of the 

 wheel, with a round part, that it may turn on it. A 

 piece of metal, r, is fixed fast upon the spindle, /, and 

 has a hole in it for the reception of a tooth, s, which is 

 screwed fast upon the universal joint ; then two screws 

 being tapped through the sidea of the piece, r, pres 



