QUE 



295 



QUI 



Qucmay ledge of drawing and surgery, which he found of great 

 Kraixjol*. U8e j n hj 3 professional pursuits. 



s ^^ r "^ Having completed hia studies at Paris, he settled 

 at Nantes, n town of nniMilrrable magnitude, in his 

 native province; but from some low jealousy of his 

 talents, the corporation of surgeons refused to admit 

 him into their body. He accordingly returned to Paris, 

 and having passed his examinations in the most success- 

 ful manner, he was ordered to be admitted into the 

 corporation at Nantes in 1718. 



The reputation which he acquired in this town, re- 

 commended him particularly to the Duke de Villeroy, 

 whose family he attended ; and he was induced to ac- 

 company his Grace to Paris in 17 M, as his family sur- 

 geon. 



An event of a very accidental nature happened to 

 him at this time, which laid the foundation of his fu- 

 ture success in life. Having called at the Countess 

 D*Estrade's along with the Duke, Cjuesnay remained 

 in the carriage. During the visit, the Countess was 

 seized with an epileptic fit, so that Quesnay was in- 

 stantly summoned into the house, and perceiving the 

 nature of the disease, which had scarcely begun,, he 

 ordered the Duke and the other attendants out of the 

 room, and contrived to conceal the nature of the ma- 

 lady. Grateful for the kindness and skill of Quesnay, 

 the Countess recommended him to Madame Pompa- 

 dour, who made him her family physician, and procur- 

 ed him in 1737 the situation of surgeon in ordinary to 

 the King. 



Having written a refutation of the doctrines of Silva, 

 respecting blood-letting, he exhibited such zeal and 

 knowledge in a public controversy in which this in- 

 volved him, that M. Peyronie got him appointed secre- 

 tary to the academy of surgery, which he had succeed- 

 ed in establishing in 1731. For the memoirs of this 

 academy, he wrote the preface to the first volume, and 

 many articles on particular branches of surgery, which 

 have always been much admired. The labours of this 

 office having begun to injure his health, which had been 

 delicate from repeated attacks of the gout, he wished to 

 quit the arduous duties of a surgeon, and he accord- 

 ingly took his degree of M.D. in 1744, and was soon 

 after appointed consulting physician to his majesty, in 

 which capacity he attended his royal master in the 

 campaigns of 1744- and 1745. Amid the bustle and 

 distractions of a military life, he collected the materials 

 of his Traitc des Fievres continues, which appeared in 

 1753, in 2 vols. 12mo. 



After the Dauphin had undergone the small-pox, 

 the King presented him with letters of nobility ; and 

 from the confidence which he always placed in the 

 judgment of our author, in consequence of which he 

 called him son penseiir, he gave him three pensees flowers 

 for his arms, withthemotto ofProplercogitationemmentis. 

 The good fortune of Quesnay had now placed him 

 in Circumstances of comparative ease and affluence, and 

 he seems to have employed his leisure in republishing 

 some of his medical works, and in completing those 

 which he had planned. He republished, in 1747. an 

 enlarged edition, in 8 vols., of his Essai Phy.vique sur 

 I' Economic Animate, which first appeared in 1736, and 

 which, in the opinion of Haller, is more characterized by 

 hypothesis than by sound practical views. In 1748 ap- 

 peared his Examen Imparlicl (let Contestations des Mc- 

 decins et des Chirurgiens de Paris. In 171J) he pub- 

 lished, in 4to., his Mtmoire Present c au Hoi, par son 

 Premier Chirurgien, on I'on examine la sagesse de I'an- 

 cienne Legislation, sur I'etat de la Chirurgie en France. 

 In the same year appeared his Trails de la Suppuration, 



in 12mp., and hit Tratie" de la Gangrene, the Jait of 

 which is still held in the highest esteem. In 1744 he 

 published hie Recherchet Criliquts et Huturuniei tur /*- 

 Origiiu, tur let divert etatt. et tur le Progret de la Chi- 

 rurgie en France, a work which called forth some oppo- 

 sition in relation to the alleged inaccuracy of the bisto- 

 rical statements. 



After the publication of his Treatise on Fevers in 

 1 753, Quesnay seems to have directed himself princi- 

 pally to the study of political economy. He contribu- 

 ted the articles Fermier and Grains to the volume of 

 the Encyclopaedia, which appeared in 1756 and 1757. 

 His Tableau Economique was printed at Versailles in 

 1758, with the Maximet Generates de Gouvernement 

 Economique annexed to it. Although the author had 

 been much alHicted by the gout, yet his mental facul- 

 ties remained unimpaired. At the end of his life he 

 occupied himself with the study of mathematics. He 

 died at Versailles in December 1774, in the 80th year 

 of his age. An account of the territorial system of 

 Quesnay will be found in our article POLITICAL ECONO- 

 MY, in this Volume, p. 39, 40 ; and farther particulars 

 respecting him will be found in his Eloge, in the Me- 

 moirs of the Academy for 1 774 ; Eloy's Diction. Hitto- 

 riquede la Medicine; the Count D'Albon's Eloge, in the 

 Ephemt'ridesduCiloyen,for 1775; Marmontel'sAffmc/tr** 

 and Chalmers' Biographical Dictionary, vol. xxv. 



QUICKSILVER. See MERCUBY, in CHEMISTRY 

 and MINERALOGY Indexes. 



QUILLOTA. See CHILI, Vol. VI. p. 192, &c. 

 QUILOA, a city and sea-port town of Africa, and 

 capital of a kingdom of the same name. It is situated 

 on the east coast, near the mouth of the river Coavo, 

 and was discovered in 1498 by the Portuguese. The 

 town is built on an island, and is said to be large and 

 rich, the houses being built of stone and mortar, after 

 the Spanish fashion, and ornamented v,-ith terraces and 

 gardens. The streets are so narrow, that one may 

 easily step from one side to the other. The citadel, 

 which was the residence of the Mahometan sovereigns, 

 is surrounded with a ditch and fortification, and adorn- 

 ed with stately towers. 



This place was visited in 1812 by Captain Beaver, 

 who saw only a number of scattered huts, and found 

 that the export of slaves had diminished from 10,000 

 to a few hundreds. The Imam of Muscat, who wrest- 

 ed this place from the Portuguese, maintains a fort 

 with three guns and half a dozen soldiers, who keep in 

 tributary subjection the King of Quiloa. East long. 

 39 47', and south lat. 8 40 7 . 



QUIMPER, a town of France, and chief place of 

 the department of Finisterre, is situated on the Oder, 

 which is navigable for ships of 200 tons to the sea. It 

 is. divided into the old and new town, and encircled 

 with a wall and towers. The principal buildings are 

 the cathedral, the exchange, the public library, and the 

 botanical garden. It is principally supported by its 

 fisheries, and manufactures of stone-ware. Population, 

 6608. 



QUINTILIAN MARCUS FABIUS, a celebrated 

 teacher of eloquence, was born in Spain about the year 

 of our Lord 42, and was educated at Rome, where he 

 studied eloquence under the celebrated orator Domi- 

 tius Afer. He opened a school of rhetoric at Rome, 

 and had the honour of being the first person who re- 

 ceived a salary from the state as a public teacher. Th 

 laborious duty he discharged for 20 years with great 

 approbation and success, at the same time that he cur- 

 ried on his profession as a pleader at the bar. With 

 the permission of the Emperor Domitian, he retired to 



