RHE 



Hi., in- The inhabitants arc occupied in winter in spinning 

 hl lint and embroidering muslin ; and there are several 

 manufactories of linen cloths, cottons, and muslins. 

 The majority of the people are Protestants ; but there 

 "^ Y " " are many Catholics, and in some places they are said 

 to use the same church. In the Lower Rheinthal is 

 Kheinegg the capital, a well-built and agreeably si- 

 tuated town, with some fine public buildings and a 

 considerable trade. The inhabitants of the town are 

 all I'i -oii-stants. At Thai there is one of the finest views 

 in all Switzerland, commanding the lake of Constance, 

 the Rhine, and a great part of Switzerland and Suabia. 

 In the Upper Rheinthal there are several considerable 

 villages ; and Altstetten, a small town, finely situated, 

 has some trade. Population about 1 4,000. 



RIIENI, GUIDO, an eminent painter of the Lom- 

 bard school, and a disciple of the Caraccis, was born 

 at Bologna, in the year 1 574. He acquired the prin- 

 ciples of his art from Denis Calvert, a Flemish painter 

 of considerable celebrity ; but he afterwards studied un- 

 der the Caracci, and followed the style of Ludovici, in 

 preference to that of Annibal Caracci. Guido next went 

 to Rome, where he studied the works of Raphael with 

 the greatest ardour ; but he was attracted by the works 

 of Caravaggio, and would have followed his style had 

 not Annibal Caracci persuaded him to begin a style of 

 a different kind, in which he perfectly succeeded. 



Guido's works became favourites with the public, 

 and he soon rose to honour and wealth. The vice of 

 gaming, however, in which he began to indulge, after 

 he had passed the middle period of life, reduced him to 

 poverty and disgrace, and he died in the year 1641. 



There are between thirty and forty of his pictures in 

 the Louvre, and there are many of -his works in Eng- 

 land. Some account of his pictures and of his style has 

 already been given under the article PAINTING, Vol. 

 XVI. p. 246. 



RHINE, the third river in Europe in point of size, 

 has its origin in the part of the Grissons called the 

 Upper League. Mount Adula, which occupies all the 

 country called Rheinwald, and which stretches its 

 roots into all the districts around under different names, 

 form three small rivers, one of which, from the west, 

 issues from Mount Crispalt, and is called by the Ger- 

 mans Forder-Rhein, and by the French the Low Rhine. 

 The second, which issues from Mount St. Barnabas, is 

 called Luckmanicrberg, and the Middle Rhine, and the 

 third, which flows from St. Bernardin, is called the 

 rofrnlberg, and the Upper Rhine. 



A little to the west there rise four considerable rivers, 

 viz. the Rhone, the Tesino, the Reuss, and the Aar. 



The Rhine separates Suabia from Alsace, waters the 

 circle of the Upper Rhine, and that of Westphalia. It 

 afterwards divides itself into two branches, the left of 

 which is called the Vahal, and the right preserves its 

 name. At eight leagues below Arnheim it divides it- 

 self again into two branches, the principal one of 

 which takes the name of Leek, and joins the Meuse. 

 The other, which preserves the name of the Rhine, is 

 only a branch, and falls into the sea below Leyden. 



The Rhine becomes navigable at Coire, in the Orisons, 

 and receives in its progress several navigable rivers. 

 It receives the Aar above Zurich ; the Necker at Man- 

 heim ; the Mein at Mayence ; the Lahn near Ober- 

 Lahnstein ; the Moselle at Coblentz ; theRoer at Duis- 

 bourg, and the Lippe atWesel. The Rhine enters into 

 the Lake of Constance a little below Rheinegg, and it 

 flows out of it at Stein. At Lauffen, below Schaff'hau- 

 sen, it forms a grand cataract about J 50 feet high, and 



RHI 



another of less magnitude below the bridge at Lauffen- 

 bourg. Near Binjen, in the states of Myence, and , 

 nc.ir (iourbhausen, in the states of Hesse, it forms gulfs 

 or whirlpools of great danger. 



The scenery on the banks of thU fine river is cha- 

 racterised in some places by great picturesque beauty ; 

 in other places by sublimity and grandeur, and in 

 others by the interest of historical associations. The 

 first class of beauties occur principally, though not 

 solelv, during its course through Switzerland ; the se- 

 cond appear in the grandeur of its falls and its gulfs ; 

 and the third are particularly displayed in that beauti- 

 ful portion of its course from Mentz to Cologne. Her 

 it rolls its waters through the finest part of Germany. 

 Ancient castles, and wealthy towns, and thriving vfl. 

 lages, mark its progress ; hills clothed with rich vine- 

 yards rise in luxuriant beauty from its banks, and the 

 strongholds of feudal and barbarous ages frown in 

 ruined grandeur over its precipices and its floods. 



The waters of the Rhine are considerably pure, and 

 arc of an olive green colour, while those of the Dan- 

 ube are yellowish, and those of the Rhone sky-blue. 



Small scales of gold have been found occasionally in 

 the sand of the Rhine after its floods, and are carefully 

 collected by the inhabitants of the islands on the river. 

 The proprietors farm this right, as well as that of catch- 

 ing the fish which abound in the Rhine. 



The course of the Rhine is about 700 miles. In the 

 early part of its course it flows with great rapidity, but 

 it afterwards becomes deep, and slow in its motion. 

 The navigation of the Rhine is by no means easy. 

 The boats of the first size, between Strasbourg and Co- 

 logne, carry from 2600 to 3000 quintals ; one of the 

 second size from 1200 to 1500; and one of the third, 

 called an Anhang, from 6'00 to 1000. They are ge- 

 nerally drawn by horses, and in favourable winds they 

 use the sail. Steam boats have been recently intro- 

 duced in the lower parts of the Rhine. 



From a variety of accurate experiments made by the 

 celebrated engineer M. Escher, the annual discharge of 

 the Rhine at Basle is, 1,046,763,676,000 cubic feet, 

 which is more than ten times the quantity which the 

 river Tay discharges at the Bridge of Perth. See PHY- 

 SICAL GEOGRAPHY, Vol. XVI. p. 520. 



A full and interesting account of the navigation of 

 the Rhine from Mayence to Coblentz, will be found in 

 Reichard's Guide dcs Voyagetirs, torn. ii. p. 197 ; and 

 in Voyage sur le Wiin depuis Mayence jusqu'a Dussel- 

 dorf, 2 torn. Neuwied, 1791. 



RHINE, CONFEDERATION OP THE. SEE CONFEDE- 

 RATION OK THB RHINE, Vol. VII. p. 115. 



RHINE, LOWER, the name of a department of the 

 north-east of France. It is an oblong tract, bounded 

 by the Rhine on the east, and by the Vosges moun- 

 tains on the west. It covers about 56'75 square kilo- 

 meters, or 288 leagues. It is diversified with hiJls, 

 forests, and picturesque and well-cultivated valleys. 

 The soil produces wheat, barley, oats, flax, hemp, to- 

 bacco, madder, and rape seed. In the mountains, 

 there are mines of iron, lead, copper, and coal. The 

 pasturage is extensive ; and vines grow on the warm 

 exposures. Several canals, particularly that of Bruscb, 

 made by Vauban in 1681, serve to water the meadows, 

 to drive the mills, and to convey to Strasburg the 

 timber of the Upper Rhine. The rivers which water 

 it are the Rhine, the 111, and the Lauter. The prin- 

 cipal manufactures are hardware, and linen, besides 

 those of glass, pottery, china ware, and paper. The 

 chief towns are 



