HO 



ment, partly buried. The interior of the wall is built 

 of brick, and the wall itself is at le v feet 



tliii k. The sepulchral vault was opened in the time 

 dt I'.nil V. and the beautiful marble sarcophagus of 

 < t Mete! la was curried to tin- F.irnese pala 



rt-y pyramidal tomb ol Cains (V-tiu*, near 

 i ta Sail I'aolo, is more than a hundred feet high, 

 and is entirely built of marble. Within this tomb may 

 be seen by the light of torches some specimens of an- 

 c u nt painting. One foot of the colos-al statue in bronze 

 of Caius Cestius is now in the Museum of the Capitol, 

 and is all that remains of it. The mausoleum of Augus- 

 tus, erected on the banks of the Tiber, was encircled 

 with three ranges of vaults. The remains of it consist 

 of small sepulchral celU, communicating with each 

 other. In one of them, said to have contained the 

 ashes of Augustus, was a heap of charcoal. 



About two miles from Home, on the Via Nomentina, 

 is the mausoleum of Santa Constantia, the daughter of 

 uitine the Great, which was converted into a 

 church. In the inside there is a double range of gra- 

 nite a/lumns. The sarcophagus, now in the Vatican, 

 is of porphyry. This building has been called the 

 Temple of Bacchus. At the same distance from Rome, 

 beyond the Porta Maggiore, on the Via Labicana, is 

 the tomb of the empress Helena, the mother of Con- 

 stantine. A part only of its immense ruined circle 

 now remains. It contains a small neglected church. 

 The immense porphyry sarcophagus v.'hich it enclos- 

 ed, is placed in the Vatican. From this church the 

 Catacombs, catacombs may be entered, which extend miles under, 

 ground. At the church of St. Sebastian, they have 

 been explored for fifteen miles. These excavations 

 seem to have been gradually formed by the digging out 

 of puzzolano. The cavities for the dead are hollowed out 

 horizontally in the soft puzzolano rock, three or four 

 tiers, one above another. All of them are empty, and al- 

 most all seem from their size to be for children. 

 Hence it is probable that they were places of burial for 

 pagan children. 



On the Via Appia, there are still some interesting 

 antiquities to be described. The fountain of the nymph 

 Egeria lies in a little green valley, about a mile from 

 Rome. The grotto is excavated on the steep side of the 

 Lank, in a long and deep recess, with a vaulted roof, 

 a :cl niches at the side for statues. At the top is the 

 reclining marble statue of a river god, from which 

 finvs the most delicious water. The capillaire plant 

 overhangs the sides of the grotto. On the hill above is 

 a temple of brick, with a portico of four marble co- 

 rinthian columns of white marble, which was supposed 

 to have been the temple of the Muses; but a votive 

 altar having been dug up, containing the name of a 

 priest of Bacchus, it is now believed to have been the 

 temple of Bacchus. In redescending the hill, there is 

 seen in a green valley a neat little brick building, de- 

 corated with Corinthian pilasters of red and yellow 

 brick, which has been called the temple of Rediculus, 

 who persuaded Hannibal to retreat from Rome. 



On the Via Latina, the road to Frascati, on an emi- 

 nence to the right, stands a brick building, adorned 

 with brick pilasters, supposed to have been the acdico- 

 la of Fortuna Muliebris, erected in commemoration of 

 the patriotism of Veturia and Volumnia. It probably 

 therefore stands on the spot occupied by Coriolanus's 

 camp. This temple resembles that of Rediculus. It 

 has several small windows in the upper apartment. It 

 commands a fine view of the broken arches of the 

 Claudian and Martian aqueducts. 



On the right of this stands the ruins of Roma Vec- 

 chia, which consist of numerous ruined brick buildings, 



Fountain of 

 Egeiia. 



Fortuna 

 Muliebru. 



Mr. > 7 



without roofs, but very lofty, on of which, with three 



large windows in front, and three niches within, may """"Y*" 1 "* ' 



have been the Baeiiica. In another place are two ranges 



of covered arches, supporting a vaulted and stuccoed 



roof, which may have been a reservoir of water. 



Having thus endeavoured to give a brief description 

 of the remains of ancient Home, we shall now proceed 

 to describe the modern city, including the buildings of 

 the dark and of the middle ages. 



The streets of Home are in general narrow, gloomy, Modem 

 irregular, and dirty, being narrower than those of Home- 

 London, and wider than those of Paris. They have 

 seldom any foot pavement. They are often .very long Street*, 

 and strait, and sometimes terminating in a church, 

 a fountain, or an obelisk. Three of the present 

 streets diverge from the Piazza del Popolo, near the 

 Pantheon Gate, viz. the Corso, the Strada del Barberi- 

 no, and the Strada de Ripetta. The Corso, so called 

 from being the race course, was anciently the Via La- 

 ta, extends a mile in length, in a direct line from the 

 above piazza, to the base of the Capitoline hill, but 

 though it is lined with churches, and palaces, and 

 handsome edifices, its general effect is far from good. 

 Among the other good streets are the Strada Giulia, 

 the Strada della Langara, the Strada Felice, the Slrada 

 ?.laggiore, and the Strada Pia. 



The houses of Rome are partly of stone and partly 

 of brick, and are frequently plastered or stuccoed as at 

 Vienna. Marble is not common. 



Eustace informs us that modern Rome contains 46" 

 squares, 5 monumental pillars, 10 obelisks, 13 foun- 

 tains, 22 mausoleums, 150 palaces, and 346 churches.- 



The area in front of St. Peter's may be ranked 

 among the squares of Rome. It is large, and of an Squares, 

 oval shape, encircled with a fine colonnade by Berni- 

 ni. In the middle stand two elegant fountains, and 

 the Egyptian obelisk already described. The Piazza 

 Navona, on the side of the Circus Agonalis, is adorned 

 by the handsome church of St. Agnes, and many ele- 

 gant houses. It is of an oblong shape, and its principal 

 ornament is the fountain in its centre, erected by Ber- 

 nini. It consists of a circular ba-iu, ~3 feet in dia- 

 meter, containing a mass of artificial rock, to which are 

 chained four river gods, and which supports the 

 Egyptian obelisk brought from the circus of Caracalla. 

 Each of these gods sends out his own stream, which, 

 after falling down the rock, loses itself in the ocean of 

 the basin. In a cavern in the rock is a lion and a 

 horse. The fountain is contrived so as to overflow an- 

 nually. The Piazza d Espagna, so called from its con* 

 taining the palace of the embassy, is adorned with 

 a fountain, and several handsome buildings, but chiefly 

 by the noble flight of marble steps that lead from 

 it to the obelisk, church, and square of Della Trimta 

 di Monti, which extends along the brow of the Pinciun 

 hill, and commands a fine view of Rome, Monte Mario, 

 and the Janiculum. The Piazza of Monte Citorio, 

 which is very beautiful, is ornamented with the Curia 

 Innocenziana, or palace erected by Innocent XII. for 

 courts of justice. The Piazza de Cainpo Marzio is 

 small, and is to a great degree covered with buildings. 

 The Piazza de Monte Cavallo, which stands on the 

 Quirinal hill, is one of the finest in Rome, and contains 

 the two marble horses already mentioned. We have 

 already spoken of the Roman Forum, and of the small 

 square of the Intermontium. The principal obelisks of Obeliks. 

 Rome, as objects of antiquity, have already been no 

 ticed. 



Among the fountains of modern Rome which are Fountains, 

 particularly admired by strangers, are the Fontana 



