R S 



474 



R O T 



Kcss-shire, stations ; and the British Fishery Society erected there 

 Rostock, f^g town of Ullapool, where a custom house was esta- 

 ""~ Y ~ ' Wished. But in proportion as the fishery extended on 

 the east coast, along the shores of Caithness and Suth- 

 erland, it fell off on the whole of the west coast, and 

 for the last twenty years there has not been a proc-per- 

 ous fishing carried on. With respect to the cause of 

 the herrings disappearing on the west coast, there have 

 been many speculations. It may partly have been 

 owing to over fishing, and partly to some natural cause, 

 not to be discovered, operating to the diminution of 

 Fisheries, the number of the fish. Be the cause what it may, 

 the loss to the county has been great, and a population 

 formerly comparatively wealthy, has now sunk into 

 poverty, and the value of land on the coast has dimin- 

 ished. There is an excellent coal bank on the coast of 

 Gairloch, which might perhaps be turned to better ac- 

 count than it has hitherto :been. 



The Island of Lewis is in a state that renders it ex- 

 ceedingly difficult to improve it. The population is 

 too great, and consequently very poor. The greatest 

 proportion of the island is incapable of cultivation, 

 and the most important improvement probably is drain- 

 age, in order to increase the quantity of herbage. The 

 present proprietor has begun a system which, if per- 

 severed in, will probably succeed in ameliorating the 

 condition of the island ; but it will require time, and 

 patience, and outlay. The town of Stornoway is 

 thriving, and is the resort of much shipping. The on- 

 ly communication with the mainland hitherto has 

 been by means of a sailing packet ; but new mea- 

 sures are taking to secure the benefit of steam naviga- 

 tion. This will be expensive, on account of the dis- 

 tance from fuel ; but it is presumed that it will only 

 be resorted to during the favourable weather of sum- 

 mer. The sea runs tremendously high in the minch 

 when storms blow ; but now that vessels are construct- 

 ed to sail as well as to go by paddles, there may be 

 little risk to steam- boats. The valued rent of the 

 'county, including the interspersed parts of Cromarty, 

 is 85,709, 15s. 3d. Scotch ; and the real rental is sup- 

 posed now to exceed 80,000, sterling. Many estates 

 are subject to the payment of feu-duties to the crown, 

 which formerly belonged to the earldom of Ross. The 

 total amount is of barley 839 bolls, oats 158, oatrreal 

 761, which may be estimated as worth somewhat 

 above 2000. 1790, Scotch, is likewise payable. A 

 considerable sum is also paid to the crown for lands 

 that formerly belonged to the bishoprick. 



Population. The population of Ross and Cromarty in 1821 was 

 70,200, being an increase of 7300 since the former cen- 

 sus of 1811. 



ROSTOCK is a large town in the north of Ger- 

 many, in the grand duchy of Mecklenburg Schwerin. 

 It is situated about 8 miles from the mouth of the river 

 Warnow, which flows into the Baltic at Warnemunde, 

 where vessels that draw more than eight feet of water 

 are obliged to unload. The town of Rostock, which 

 is surrounded with old fortifications, and built in the 

 old fashioned style, is divided into the old, the mid- 

 dle, and the new towns, and has three suburbs. It 

 contains three churches, one university, and a grand 

 ducal mansion. The students of the university, which 

 was founded in 1419, amount to about 170, and the 

 professors to 20. The other public buildings and es- 

 tablishments are a seminary for educating schoolmasters 

 and clergymen, a Lutheran convent, a poors-house, 

 - a public library, a botanical garden, and a museum. 

 The chief manufactures of the place are those of ships 



Valued 

 rent. 



anchors, linen, canvass, soap, and vinegar. There are Rotation 

 also here distilleries, breweries, and sugar refineries, II 



Rostock carries on a trade with England, Holland, RothtTlian ' 

 and the Baltic seas. The value of its exports, princi- 

 pally gin, is from 150,000 to 200..000. The im- 

 ports are coffee, tobacco, sugar, rum, and great 

 quantities of bay salt. The number of ships which 

 annually arrive here is about 600. Grain is exported 

 to the amount of 130,000 quarters annually. Popula- 

 tion about 13,000. East Long. 12 12', North Lat. 54 

 10'. 



ROTATION. See MECHANICS. 



ROTATION OF CROPS. See AGRICULTURE, Vol. I. 



ROTHBURY, a small parish .and .market-town of 

 England in Northumberland. It is situated in a roman- 

 tic glen on the river Cocquet, and consists principally 

 of one street of ancient, if not well built houses, erected 

 on the road from Alnwick to Wooler. The church is 

 an ancient structure, in the form of a cross, and con- 

 tains a font of curious workmanship, and several re- 

 spectable monuments. There is here a bridge of three 

 arches over the Coquet. The rector's mansion was 

 formerly Whitton house, which was one of a line ot 

 houses extending from Hepple to Warkworth. Roth- 

 bury forest, which now contains very little wood, is 

 about seven miles long, and five broad. There is here 

 a charity school for 120 children. Population of the 

 town in 18.21,891 inhabitants, and 146 houses. See 

 the Beauties of England, vol. vii. p. 208. 



ROTHERHAM, the name of a market-town and 

 parish of England, in the West Hiding of Yorkshire. 

 It is situated in a valley on the river Don, at its junc- 

 tion with the Rother, the former being crossed by an 

 elegant stone bridge. The streets of the town are on 

 the roads to Barnsley, Doncaster, Bawtry, Mansfield, 

 and Sheffield, and are rather irregular and uneven. The 

 houses, though well built of stone, have a dull and 

 dingy aspect. The public buildings, are the town 

 hall, the parish church, which is a handsome and spa- 

 cious edifice, a meeting-house for Independents, and 

 another for Methodists. To the parish church is at- 

 tached a school for 30 children. There is here an aca- 

 demical institution for dissenting clergymen, called 

 " The Rotherham Independent Academy." It was 

 opened in 1795. The building for it, erected by the 

 late Samuel Walker, Esq., accommodates 16 students. 

 The library contains 1200 volumes. On the other side 

 of the bridge is the village of Mossborough, containing 

 the extensive iron-works of Messrs. Walker, which 

 were commenced in 1746'. The cast iron bridges 

 of Sunderland, Yarm, and Staines were founded here 

 Cannons and cast iron goods of all kinds, along, with 

 articles in wrought iron, tin plate, and steel goods 

 -are also made here in great quantities. A very large 

 porter and ale brewery has lately been established in 

 the town. 



This town possesses great facilities in water carriage 

 by the Don, which is navigable to Sheffield, by the 

 Stainforth and Keadley canal, and by the Dearn, 

 Dove, and Barnsley canals. Coal and iron are obtain, 

 ed from mines in the neighbourhood. At the village of 

 Wickersly, in the neighbourhood, grindstones are ma- 

 nufactured, of which about 5000 are said to be sent 

 annually to Sheffield. Population of the town in 1821, 

 3548; number of houses 417. West Long. 1 22', 

 North Lat. 53 25'. Wentworth House, the princely 

 residence of the Earl of Fitzwilliam, is in the neigh- 

 bourhood of Rotherham. See the Beauties of England 

 and Wales, vol. xvi. p. 828. 



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