RUM 



*480 



R U S 



Kngen 



11 

 Rum. 



its centre leading 1 to the principal court, which is a fine 

 area 90 feet long and 75 wide, with a plain cloister on 

 three sides. On the south side of the court are the dinr 

 ing hall for the boys in the head master's house, and 

 three schools for different classes ; the great school oc- 

 cupies the west side, and the schools for French and 

 writing the north. The house of the head master is at 

 the east end of the south front ; and there is between 

 it and the schools a range of buildings divided into 

 small apartments for the boys. The town contains 

 about 278 houses, and 4490 inhabitants. 



RUGEN, an island in the Baltic, belonging to Rus- 

 sia. It is situated opposite to Stralsund, on the coast 

 of Pomerania, from which it is divided by a channel 

 about a mile broad. It is about thirty miles long, and 

 from twenty-five to thirty broad, and contains about 

 360 square miles. It is so much penetrated by the sea, 

 that it resembles a number of peninsulas joined toge- 

 ther. The two principal divisions of the island are Jas- 

 mund and Wittow. The coast, which consists in many 

 places of chalk cliffs with petrifactions, is much higher, 

 and more precipitous than that of Pomerania. The 

 soil, which is very fertile, produces all kinds of grain, 

 several thousands of lasts being shipped annually for 

 Stralsund. Large herds of cattle are bred and export- 

 ed ; but it is supplied with fuel from Pomerania. Ru- 

 gen does not contain any good harbour. The language 

 of the island is German. It was long subject to Swe- 

 den ; but along with the rest of Pomerania it was add- 

 ed to Prussia in 1814. Bergen is the capital of the 

 island. See BERGEN, Vol. III. p. 463. 



RULE OF THREE, or the GOLDEN RULE, the name 

 of a rule in arithmetic, the object of which is to find a 

 fourth proportional to three given numbers. As the 

 theory of the rule has already been explained in our 

 article GEOMETRY, Vol. X. p. 210 214, we have only 

 to give it in its practical form. 



RULE. Set down on the right hand the one of the 

 three given terms which is of the same kind or name 

 as the answer required ; and from the nature of the 

 question, consider whether the answer will be greater 

 or less than this term. If the answer is to be greater, 

 place the lesser of the two remaining terms on the 

 left, and the other in the middle ; but if it is to be less, 

 place the greater of the two other terms on the left, 

 and the other in the middle. When this is done, mul- 

 tiply the second and third terms together, and divide the 

 product by \hejirst term, and the quotient will be the 

 answer required. This rule is equally applicable to 

 integral, fractional, and decimal numbers. 



RUM is the name of an ardent spirit distilled from 

 the sugar cane. The ingredients which are employed, 

 are the lees or feculencies of former distillations fifty 

 gallons ; molasses or treacle drained from the sugar six 

 gallons ; scummage of the hot cane, juice from the boil- 

 ing-house, (or sometimes raw cane liquor,) 36 gallons, 

 equal toother six gallons of molasses; and water 8 gal- 

 lons, making in all 100 gallons. When the above wash 

 is fermented in the common method to a proper degree 

 of acidity, it is distilled in the common way ; and about 

 1200 gallons of this mixture or wash produces about 

 113 of rum. For a full account of the process, see 

 Edwards's History of the West Indies, vol. ii. 



RUM, EGG, and MUCK, the name of three of the 

 Western Islands of Scotland, in Argyllshire, situated to 

 the west of the isle of Sky. Rum is about nine miles 

 long, from six to eight broad, and has a superficies of 

 22,260 acres. It consists of a heap of mountains of the 

 same height, the highest being about 2500 feet. Loch 



Rush, 



Benjamin. 



Scresort is its only harbour. It is subject to perpetual Rumford, 

 storms of wind and rain. Egg is six miles long and Count 

 four broad. It is divided into two eminences by a val- 

 ley, the one rising to high basaltic cliffs, and the other 

 into the Scuir of Egg, 1500 feet high. Muck is a green 

 island three miles long. The population is about 600. 



RUM FORD, COUNT. See THOMSON, BENJAMIN. 



RUPERT, PRINCE. See BRITAIN, Vol. IV. p. 584. 



RUPERT'S DROPS. See ANNEALING and GLASS, 

 Vol. X. p. 3! 9. 



RUSH, BENJAMIN, a celebrated American physician, 

 was born near Bristol in Pennsylvania, on the 5th Jan. 

 1745. After receiving the elements of a classical edu- 

 cation he went to the college of Princeton, where he 

 took his degree of B. A. in 1760. He began the study 

 of physic under Dr. Redman, of Philadelphia, and took 

 his degree at Edinburgh in 1768, having written a 

 thesis De concoctione ciborum in ventriculo. 



About the period of Dr. Rush's return to Philadel- 

 phia, an attempt was made to organize a medical school 

 in that city, and upon his arrival in 176'9, he was ap- 

 pointed professor of chemistry. Dr. Rush was soon 

 after elected a member of the American Philosophical 

 Society ; and in the 1st vol. of their Transactions, print- 

 ed in 1770, he published his Account of the Effects of 

 the Stramonium, or Thorn Apple. In 1776, he was 

 chosen member of Congress for Pennsylvania; and on 

 the 4th July, with eight other delegates of the state, he 

 signed the instrument of independence. In 1777, he 

 was appointed surgeon-general of the military hospital 

 in the middle department, and in the same year phy- 

 sician general of that hospital. This situation, however, 

 he resigned in July following ; and though he for some 

 time after took a part in the politics of the state in which 

 he resided, yet he resolved to quit that scene of con- 

 tending passions, and to devote himself to the peaceful 

 pursuits of his profession. To this resolution he firmly 

 adhered, and the rest of his life was passed in the most 

 zealous discharge of his professional duties, and in the 

 study of medical science, which at that time was in a 

 very low condition in America. 



When the medical colleges of Philadelphia were in- 

 corporated into the university of Pennsylvania in 1791* 

 Dr. Rush was appointed professor of the institutes of 

 medicine and clinical practice. Two years afterwards, 

 when the yellow fever was so fatal throughout the Unit- 

 ed States, Dr. Rush devoted his whole mind to the in- 

 vestigation of the disease, and published in 1794, in one 

 vol. 8vo. his History oflhe Yellow Fever, which was cele- 

 brated for its minute and correct account of the disease. 



Having published many papers in various works, Dr. 

 Rush collected them in 1788, under the title of Medical 

 Inquiries and Observations, of which the fifth volume 

 appeared in 1798. The last work of any importance 

 which Dr. Rush published, was On the Diseases of the 

 Mind, which appeared in one volume 8vo. in 1812. 



Dr. Rush had been threatened with consumption du- 

 ring the greater part of his life ; but he had warded off 

 its attacks with great skill. On the 13th April he was 

 seized with a slight affection of his lungs, His disease, 

 however, assumed a typhus character, and, after an ill- 

 ness of five days, he died on the ipth April 1813, in 

 the 6'9th year of his age. 



Dr. Rush was the author of a great many pamphlets 

 and essays, the most important of which have been pre- 

 served in his Medical Inquiries and Observations. See 

 the American Medical Philadelphia Register, by Dr. 

 Hosack and Dr. Francis ; Chalmers's Biographical Dic~ 

 iionary, vol. xxv. ; and Rees's Cyclopaedia. 



