Kuuia. filled the ports of Ruacia with colonial merchandise 

 ^ ^ and her manufactured goods, in as far as the then ex- 

 ' Ming Tarif permitted. Neither France nor Sp : iin could 

 as yet take an active part in this enormous importation 

 into Ku-i.i, tin' HaiiM'utir towns were in part ruined; 

 it was from Kn^laiul tlm, i|y that this enor- 



mous mass of merchandise was imported, This period 

 tin- importation by the Haltic Sea fell some- 

 what, but it always remained thirty-three millions MI- 

 perior to the year 181U, and fifty-three millions su- 

 perior to the last years of the preceding period. Uy 

 the White Sea the importation during the last period, 

 from half a million and less, suddenly rose to above 

 eight millions. This was an extraordinary case, which 

 is accounted for by the military affairs of that year. 

 When Russia became more tranquil, the great impor- 

 tation retook its ordinary course by St. Petersburg!) ; it 

 necessarily diminished at Archangel, but it still re- 

 mained by two-thirds superior to that which it had 

 been in the preceding period. By the Black Sea, and 

 by the Sea of Azof commerce augmented, but not so 

 rapidly as by the Baltic Sea, because this com- 

 merce had always experienced moms d'cut runes, du- 

 ring the period of the continental system. Last- 

 ly, the commerce by the Caspian sea has preserved 

 its character, i. e. that the importation exceeds the ex- 

 portation, at the same time there is an infinitely greater 

 equality than formerly ; when during six years there 

 was imported for four and a half millions, and only ex- 

 ported for 700 000 roubles, for in these last years there 

 has been imported for eight and half millions, but there 

 has also been exported for six millions; an exportation 

 unheard of by this channel, and which appears to aug- 

 ment annually. 



R U S S I A. 493 



'I In- exportation by all channels present* the rooct UUMU. 

 satisfactory results. It urpaMes (in only reckoning by ^ ~v^ 

 millions) the importation Commerce 



Ry the Baltic Se, bj . i::i. ::, 



Ity the White Sea, by - * 



By the JJUck Sea, and by th* Sc* of Azof, by 37 



Total. 



190 



that foreign countries have paid to Russia during four 

 years of victory, not by the kind of extraordinary re- 

 ceipt of the time of the French Revolution, but by a 

 free and regular commerce. It burpasscs the expor- 

 tation in the time of the continental system by one 

 hundred and forty-five millions by the Baltic Sea, by 

 twenty-one millions by the White Sea, and by thirty- 

 nine millions by the Black Sea and the Sea of Azof: 

 total two hundred and five millions more exported in 

 four years than before in seven years of a languishing 

 commerce. We have already noticed how much the 

 exportation by the Caspian Sea has gained, vis : 

 5,390,107 roubles. 



The total importation by sea, during these four years, 

 amounts to 350,853,623 roubles, or at a medium per 

 annum, to 87,723,405 roubles : 51,216,762 more than 

 during the first period ; it has therefore more than 

 doubled. 



The total exportation was 543,344,567 roubles, 

 per annum 135,836,141, or 80,213,177 roubles more 

 than during the preceding six years. 



The general Revirement has been upon an average 

 223,559,546 roubles ; it has therefore been 134,429,879 

 roubles greater than during the period that the iron 

 hand of despotism held Europe enchained. 



II. Commerce by Land. 



