498 



RUSSIA. 



Russia. 

 Population. 



No. 

 46. 



47. 

 48. 

 49. 



Name. 



Podolia, or I 

 Podolsk, J 

 Kief, 



Tcheringof, 

 Poltava, 



Population. 

 1,297,787 



1,066,198 

 1,260,000 

 1,625,000 



Provinces which do not form governments, and which 

 are administered each according to Particular Laws. 



1. The Principality ofFinland, . 1,200,000 



2. The Province of Bielostock, . . 200,000 



3. The Kingdom of Poland, . 2,800,000 



4. The Province of Bessarabia, . 230,000 



5. The Land of the Don Kozaks, , . 250,000 



6. Mingrelia, . . . 26,000 



7. Imeritia, .... 80,000 



8. Georgia (as far as is known) . 371,200 



9. Lesghistan, . . . 20,000 



10. Daghistan, . . . 30,000 



11. Shirvan, .... 30,000 



12. The Khanat, or Province of Karabagh, 30,000 



13. The Khanat, or Province of Talishin, . 30,000 



Islands at the mouth and in the Gulf of Finland 

 whose population is included in the governments to 

 which they belong. 



Islands in the Eastern Ocean. 



1. The Kurilian Islands, 



2. The Aleutian Islands, 



3. Islands north of the Aleutian Islands, 

 American colonies, or Russian colonies on the 



north-west coast of America, 



ls,f 



800 



800 



Russia. 

 Population. 



We shall not scruple in making liberal use of Herr- 

 mann's recent and valuable writings respecting the po- 

 pulation of Russia. 



The sixth revision, according to imperial order, was 

 finished about the year 1812. After the invasion by the 

 French in that year, it was desirable to ascertain the ex- 

 tent of the loss of population and of commerce by ano- 

 ther revision. The seventh revision was therefore termi- 

 nated in the year 1815. But unfortunately it only in- 

 cludes the burghers and the peasants (without the fe- 

 males), because they are all subject to direct taxes, and to 

 furnish recruits, except the merchants. The government 

 wished to be certain of the number of those who are 

 taxed in general, and of those who serve to complete 

 the army in particular. Herrmann has given a very 

 interesting comparative table of the sixth and seventh 

 revisions of the whole empire, divided into govern- 

 ments, the general results of which we shall here copy. 



According to the above table, there were 17,950,137 

 burghers and peasants, while the sixth revision gave 

 for the same classes 18,822,625. Therefore by these 

 statements Russia had lost, during four years, 872,515 

 individuals of the two classes. 



This loss appeared exaggerated, and therefore ano- 

 ther revision was ordered in 1817, with the results of 

 which we are not yet acquainted. 



The body of merchants had diminished about a 

 third, while that of the burghers and artisans had aug- 

 mented about a sixteenth. The loss in the first corps 

 is very great, and the progress of the other is but a 

 small compensation, for the body of the merchants form 

 the flower of the burghers, equally for their capital 

 and for their improvement. These two classes, so in- 

 timately connected by their industry, have assuredly 

 made sensible losses, notwithstanding that the state of 

 the burghers in general appears to have been stationary 

 in this period, for according to the sixth revision it 

 consisted of 826,986 individuals, and of the seventh of 

 830,508. It appears that the greatest part of the ruin- 

 ed merchants have had themselves inscribed in the class 

 of simple burghers, as this class has gained nearly that 

 which the first had lost : the difference of 3522 souls is 

 not very considerable, and arises from the class of pea- 

 sants. Vide Recherches Statistiques sur la Seplieme tie- 

 vision, par C. T. Herrmann. Memoires de L'Acddemie 

 Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg, Vol. vii. 

 p. 449. 



In the eighth volume of the Memoirs just referred to, 



Herrmann has given two long papers which treat of the 

 progress of population in Russia, according to the di- 

 vision of that empire into governments, and founded 

 upon the fourth, fifth, and sixth revisions. His ob- 

 servations are illustrated by many tables, and he occa- 

 sionally adds remarks of great interest on the various 

 classes of society. 



From various statistical documents the following 

 conclusions have been drawn, chiefly founded, however, 

 upon tables from the years 1796 to 1809. Vide Ada 

 Academ. Petrop. and Nova Ada Academ. Petrop. and 

 the early volumes of the Statistical Journal, published 

 in Russian. 



1 . The proportion of births to the number of inha- 

 bitants is one to twenty- five for the whole empire. 



2. The proportion of deaths to the total population 

 is one to forty. In Esthonia, in Finland, in Courland, 

 in Livonia, in Little Russia, and in White Russia, the 

 mortality is greater than in the Russian provinces, and 

 in Siberia. In the Krimea, in the governments of 

 Yekaterinoslaf, Kherson, and the Kaucasus, the morta- 

 lity is still greater. Though the mean number be 

 one to forty ; yet again some governments have less 

 mortality. For instance, it is as one to fifty-four at 

 Yekaterinburg, beyond the Ural mountains. 



3. The proportion of marriages to the population 

 in Russia is more astonishing. In the government of Sa- 

 ratof it was found that there was one marriage for every 

 one hundred and fifty souls of both sexes ; in other go- 

 vernments two hundred and twenty marriages among 



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