RUSSIA. 



ia. one thousand persons; and generally two hundred mar- 

 ^ x < r ""' riages among one thousand persons ; while the most fer- 

 ropulation. t jj e coun t r j eg J o no t reckon more than one hundred 

 and seventy-five marriages among one thousand indi- 

 viduals. 



riie general proportion of births to deaths in the 

 M hole empire is sixteen to ten ; but in some govern- 

 ments the number of births is much greater. At Tver 

 B found twenty-six births for ten deaths; at Vol- 

 ogda twenty-nine t'oT tun ; at SavtUof two hundred and 

 fourteen to one hundred. 



5. The proportion of male to female births is forty- 

 four to forty ; at Sardtof one hundred and seventeen to 

 one hundred ; but the mortality of the former is also 

 greater, being forty-three to forty , and at Saratof one 

 hundred and sixteen two-fifths to one hundred. 



During the whole period from 1796 to the end of 

 1809, there were annually, 



1st, 293,314 marriages; 



2rf, Of whom were born 1,222,823 children, or 

 647,702 boys, and 575,121 girls. The proportion of 

 boys and girls was therefore as 1000 to 888. 



Sd, The medium number of deaths was 737,228 in- 

 dividuals, of whom S8S,C95 were males, and 353,532 

 females. The proportion, therefore, of males, was as 

 1000to921. 



Ith, Consequently there has been a surplus of births 

 above the deaths of 485,595 souls, viz. of 264,007 

 males, and 22 1 ,589 females. 



The mortality may be spoken of under three divi- 

 sions. 



1. The mortality of cltildr ni. The mortality of chil- 

 dren is immense in Russia, and is only equalled in some 

 capitals. Of 1000 new-born children not more than 

 about 555 pass the fifth year, and the half (only 498) 

 do not attain the tenth. The mortality from the 10th 

 to the 20th year is also very great, so that no more 

 than 41-0 individuals, i. e. about two- fifths live to the 

 28th year; while in other countries one-half reach that 

 period. 



2. The mortality of middle age. The mortality is al- 

 so great among the middle-aged. Of 1000 deaths in 

 Russia there are 63 between the age of 20 and 30 

 years j 65 between 30 and 40 years ; and 73 between 



499 



40 and 50 years. Only two-third* reach the 40th, end 

 three-fourths the 50th year. 



old age. The fourth part of the 



population do in. i paa the 50th year ; for of 1OOO new 

 born, there are only 239 who reach that age. Of 1000 

 persons at 50 years of age, 075 reach the GOih, 350 the 

 70th, U7 tl.v 80th, 32 the 90th, and three the 100th 

 year. Nevertheless, among this small number of old 

 people some have reached a very extraordinary age. 

 In seven years 2084- individuals died who were above 

 one hundred years of age, Of this number were, 



1211 from 100 to 105 jean. 

 468 - 105 110 - 

 Kit - 110 115 - 



B 



52 



33 



2 



1 



2 



120 125 



125 130 



130 135 



140 



150 



The proportion between the annual number of deaths 

 and of births, according to the progress of population, 

 demands some attention. Between the years 179&'t 

 and 1809, the medium annual number of births was 

 1,222,823, and that of deaths 737,228, consequently 

 there was a surplus of births over that of deaths of 

 485,595 individuals, or, In other words the proportion 

 of deaths and births was as 1000 to 1658. The pro- 

 portions of course have been different; in different years 

 or periods; thus, from 1796 to 1799 the proportion 

 was 1000 to 1 76'9 f ; from 1 801 to 1 806', 1 000 to 1699 4 ; 

 from 1806 to 1809, 1000 to 1539 4- Except in the 

 United States of America there scarcely occurs such a 

 favourable progress in population. 



The following tables comprise a great deal of inter- 

 esting matter with respect to statistics, and are copied 

 from Herrmann's dissertation. Vide Mr. C. Th. Herr- 

 mann s Dissertations : " Resulfals iires det tableaux 

 mctriques dcpuis 17Q6 jusqu' en 1809, relcveg sur ceux 

 qui confessent la religion Grcqite en Rutsie;" or the 

 M,' moires lie V Academic Imperiale des Sciences Ac, Si. 

 Petenbourg. Vol. v. p. 610. The reports of the year 

 1800 were unfortunately burned. 



Table showing the annual number of Marriages, Births, and Deaths. 



