RUSSIA. 



Italia, one obtained to the extreme age of between 11.". ami 

 * f -v~^~' 150, and one the decrepitude of between ISO and 155 

 hition. years. The first was born in the government ot'Mohi- 

 lef. and the second in that of Tambof. 



No empire in the world consists of so many nations 

 so dissimilar in their origin, and languages, and man- 

 ners, as the Russian. Within its circuit arc incl 

 above a hundred nations and tribes, who speak at least 

 forty different languages, and who may be arranged 

 under eight great classes : 



1. The SCLAVONIC, . . . 38,800,000 



Proper Russians, Little Russians, Ko/Aks, Poles, 

 Lithuanians, Ltttej, Courlanders, and Raitsens 

 or Servians. 



2. The FINNISH, .... 2,376,000 



The Proper Fins, Esthonians, Livonians, Lap- 

 landers, Permians, Zirianes, Vogoules, Tchu- 

 sarhes, Tchevemiss, Votiaks, Mordvas or 

 Morduans, tlie Ostiaks of the Ob, Teptiars. 



3. The TARTAR, .... 1,850,000 



() Proper Tartars, as those of Kazdn, of the Krimea, 

 of Astrachan, of the Ob, the Turalintsi, the 

 Barabintsi, the Katchintsi, the Kistimeri, the 

 Tulibertsi, the Biriuses, the Abintsi, the Ver- 

 chotomskiye, the Sayanes, the Beltiri. 



(A) Nogay or K*uban Tartars, Tauridan, Astrachan 

 wandering Tartars, Kundurskiye, Kumikens, 

 Basianers, (c) Truchmenians, (rt 1 ) Kirghia, (e) 

 Aralians, (/) Karakalpaks, (g) Tchivintsi, (A) 

 Buchanans, (i) Mestcheriaks, () Bashkirs, (/) 

 Tcleuntians, and (w) Yakuti. 



4. KAUCASIAN NATIONS, . . 1,200,000 



Circassians, Georgians, Avtchases or Abassi, 

 Lesghi, Ossetinians, Kistintsi, the Tchitchentsi, 

 the Mikshesi, Karabulaks, and Yugushi. 



5. The MONGOLE, .... 300,000 

 Mongoles, Kalmuks, Burati, and Kurilians. 



6. MANDSHURBS, .... 80,000 

 Tungusi and Lamutes 



7. POLAR NATIONS, . . 300,000 



(fl) The Proper Samoyedes, Koibali, Soyotes, Matori, 



Ttibintsi, Kaimashi, and Karagassi. 

 (6) Koriaks, Tchuktchi, Yukhagirs. 

 (c) Jurales, (rf) Arintsi, (e) Assani, (/) Kotovtsi. 

 (g) Ostiaks, (A) Kamschadals, (i) Kurilians, () 

 Aleutians. 



8. COLONISTS AND INHABITANTS OF MOL- 



DAVIA, 800,000 



Germans, Swedes, Danes, English, French, 

 Greeks, Armenians, Persians, Hindoos, Arna- 

 outs, Vallachians, Osmans, Moldavians, Bul- 

 garians, Gipsies, and Jews. 



THE NAVY. 



Navy. According to Crome and Hassell, in the year 1805, 

 the Russian navy consisted of 32 ships of the line, 18 

 frigates, 59 small craft, and 226 gallics. Taken to- 

 gether, they make 355 sail, which carry 4428 cannons, 

 with 33,507 sailors, 4000 naval artillery, and 8262 



marines. Of these are stationed in the Baltic Sea, 

 hips of the line, 14 frigates (t cutter*, 19 mall craft, 

 MM in the g-ilU'y fleet, 2 gallic*, 81 cannon. b>jt, an 1 

 HS other vessels, together with Wi5 cannon*. 



In the Black Sea, 12 ships of the line, 4 frigate*, 7 

 brigantines, 18 small craft, and in the galley-fteet, 40 

 cannon-bonts, together with 1257 cannon*. 



In the Caspian Sea, 6 small craft with 70 cannon*. 

 At Ochotsk, 1 1 small craft with 36 cannon*. 



We believe that the Baltic fleet i* rather increased 

 than diminished since 1805; and we know for a cer- 

 tainty that more than one half of the large ships are 

 laid up in the fine harbour of Cronstadt, and are nearly 

 rotten. In the year 1822, the fleet of the Black Sea 

 consisted of 14 ships of the line, 10 frigate*, besides 

 numerous small craft, as gun-boats, &c. Vide Lyall's 

 Travels. 



ARMY. 



Although different Tsars are said to have organized 

 an army, yet it was not till the time of Peter the Great 

 that Russia possessed any thing like an European army. 

 Our limits do not allow us to give its progressive his- 

 tory. We must content ourselves by stating the facts, 

 that this country, which, little more than a century ago, 

 had only two or three hundred thousand soldiers, which 

 were looked upon with indifference by the other power* 

 of Europe, has of late spread her conquering troops 

 over different states of this quarter of the globe, and of 

 Asia, and at this moment consists of nearly a million of 

 men. 



The statements of different authors will give us cor- 

 rect notions of the progress and state of the army in 

 modern times. 



According to Hassell, the army of Russia consisted 

 of 558,120 men, viz. (1.) The guards, seven regi- 

 ments, three battalions, one company, 13,103. (2.) In- 

 fantry, 138 regiments, 38 battalions, 317,1 10. (3.) Ca- 

 valry, 47 regiments, 54,022. (4.) Artillery, 2 regi- 

 ments, 17 battalions, 12 companies, 62 commando?, 

 44,052. (5.) Invalids, 62 companies, 30 commando-, 

 13,9i20. (6.) Irregular troops, including the Don 

 Kozaks, 40,000; the Tchernomorskii Kozaks, 3468; 

 the Ural Kozaks, 5780; the Boog Koziiks, 1500; the 

 Stavropole Kozaks, 1000 ; other Kozaks, Kalmucks, 

 Bashkirs, Tartars, 48,632 ; free Greek battalion, 534. 

 Altogether, besides the irregular troops, 194 regiments, 

 60 battalions, 75 companies, 92 commandos, 13,682 

 staff-officers and officers, 1297 under staff-officers, 

 543,141 under officers and privates, who are under 

 fourteen military inspections. To this army is to be 

 added, since 1806, a national guard, or militia, of 

 612,000 men. Slaats nnd Address-Handbuch, p. 227. 



A Russian historian tells us, that in 1807 the army 

 of his country was formed of 670,000 regular forces, 

 more than 100,000 Kozaks, and about 100,000 of re- 

 serve for filling up vacancies in the armies ; the Swe- 

 dish, the Polish, the Turkish, the Georgian, and the 

 Siberian. The same author adds, that nit'.utt! oppress- 

 ing foreign nations, and nit/tout destroying herself, 

 Russia can maintain a million of forces in time of peace; 

 a position which we suspect is false. Ruckaya fstoria, 

 or Russian History of Glinkii, vol. viii. p. 3H. 



By Hassell's statement, in the work formerly referred 

 to, in the year 1815, the Russian army was formed of 

 field troops 422,822; garrison troops 84,300; engineers 

 1113; invalids 13,9^0; and 1 10,000 irregular troops. 



Crome reckoned the land forces of Russia at 450,000 

 in time of peace, and at 639,415 when on a footing of 



Army. 



