SAL 



527 



SAL 



copalians, and one for Universalists. There is a hand- 

 some common often acies to the north of the town, 

 surrounded with a public walk, and planted with rows 

 of trees. Fort Pickering and fort Lee stand on a pen- 

 insula below the town ; and there is a lighthouse on 

 Baker's I -! m I. 



Tin- inhabitants are principally employed in trade 

 and commerce. The vessels engaged in the East In- 

 dia trade amount to 53, carrying 14,272 tons. The 

 shipping belon^in'j to Salem amounted, in 1816', to 

 :i 1.. 1- tons. There is here an East India marine 

 house, established in 1801, and consisting of persons 

 who have sailed round the Ope of Good Hope, or 

 Cape Horn. The museum, wliieh contains many ob- 

 jects of interest, belongs to this society. The mean 

 temperature of Salem, according to thirty-three years 

 observations by Dr. Ilolyoke, is 4&.678 of Fah- 

 renheit, 11 76 lower than that of Paris, which is 

 nearly in the same parallel in the old world. Popula- 

 tion 12.6KJ. West Long. 70 43' S7", North Lat. 

 52 3 33' 20". See Warden's Account of the United 

 Stales; and the Memoirs of the American Academy, 

 vol. iv. p. 



SALERNO, a city of Naples, and the capital of the 

 province ofPrincipato Citra. It is situated in a plain of 

 limited extent, surrounded with finely cultivated hills. 

 The town, however, is far from agreeable, the streets 

 being narrow and irregular, and the houses lofty, 

 which give it a gloomy aspect. The streets are paved 

 with lava. The cathedral, which is the principal budd- 

 ing, is by no means handsome. In front of it there 

 are 28 ancient granite columns, with Corinthian capi- 

 tals. Beside a number of other churches and convents, 

 Salerno has a university, the medical school of which 

 has some celebrity. It is also the see of an archbishop. 

 The harbour, which is good, is protected by a mole, 

 and defended by a castle of some strength. Population 

 about 10,000. East Long. 14 35!, North Lat. 40* 

 40'. An account of the university and medical school 

 of Salerno, will be found in Friend's History of Physic, 

 part ii. 



SALEYER, or SALAYAR, an island in the eastern 

 seas, at the south extremity of Celebes. It is forty 

 miles long, and nearly eight broad. It is mountainous 

 and woody, and produces millet and cotton, the best 

 of which is made into coarse cloth. The houses are 

 good, and the inhabitants are carried on bamboo chairs 

 over the hills ; but they have horses which they use in 

 the plains. Population about 60,00!). East Long. 

 120 55', South Lat. 5* 45'. 



SALIC LAW. See FRANCE, Vol. IX. 54.9, col. 1. 



SALFORD. See MANCHESTER, Vol. XIII. p. 302. 



SALINS, a town of France in the department of 

 the Jura. It is situated on the small river Furieuse, 

 and is tolerably well built, anil defended by two forts. 

 A considerable trade is here carried on in wine and 

 brandy. The principal export of the place is salt. In 

 the vicinity is found black marble, alabaster, and quar- 

 ries of jasper ; but it is principally celebrated for its 

 salt springs, of which we hare already given a full ac- 

 count in our article FRANCE, Vol. IX. p. 691. 



SALISBURY, a city of England, in Wiltshire. It 

 is situated in a broad valley near the junction of three 

 rivers, the Avon, the Nadder, and the Willey, the wa- 

 ters of which 'are conducted through every street by 

 means of small brick canals, and thus not only promote 

 health and cleanliness, but facilitate many of the pro- 

 cesses of useful industry. The form of the town is 



that of an oblong square, about three- fourths of a mile 

 each way, it Fi-!i<-rton is included, and consists of five 

 principal street*, running parallel to each other from 

 cast to west, and intersected at right anglerby other 

 h've streets, so that the spaces between the street* con- 

 stitute a square, which is occupied by a series of houses, 

 with their backs looking into an area occupied by gar- 

 den*, officer, &c. Most of the houses are built of brick, 

 though some are of wood, and very irregu'ar. The 

 other part of the town, called the Close, which i near- 

 ly half a mile square, contains the cathedral, the epis- 

 copal pnlace, and the college of matron*, the deanery, 

 the prebend's houses, and several h;m i-ome private 

 houses held principally under the dean and chapter. 



The dihedral, founded in 1219 by Bishop Poore. 

 It is built in the form of a lanthorn, and consists of a 

 nave, with two side aisles; a bold and lofty porch ; a 

 larj;e transept,. with an eastern aisle; a chapel at the 

 easteml, with an intermediate vestibule, or double aisle, 

 terminating tl e choir ; and a lofty tower and spire, 

 which n-c from the intersection of the great transept. 

 The cloister, chapter-house, consistory court, and ves- 

 try, are added to the south side of the church. The 

 spire, which is light and tapering, rises to the height 

 of 104 feet above the level of the ground. It has de- 

 clined 22fth inches from the perpendicular. 



The interior of the building contains many interest- 

 ing objects, among which are several beautiful win- 

 dows of stained glass, and various splendid and hand- 

 some monuments. 



This cathedral has lately undergone a thorough re- 

 pair, and forms one of the most interesting public 

 buildings in Great Britain. It is said to have as many 

 doors as there are months, as many windows as there 

 are days, and as many pillars as there are hours in the 

 year. 



The episcopal palace, which is near the south east 

 corner of the cathedral, is a large and irregular build- 

 ing, altered and enlarged at different periods. The 

 college of Malvius is appropriated for the reception of 

 ten -widows of clergymen of the established church. 

 It was founded by Bishop Ward, who endowed it with 

 L 200 per annum. 



Beside the cathedral there are three parish churches, 

 St. Martin's, consisting of a nave, two aisles, a chancel 

 and a tower ; St. Thomas's, which is a large structure, 

 with a spacious nave, two side aisles, three chancels, a 

 vestry room and a tower at its south-west angles, and 



Possessing several large and curious monuments ; and 

 t. Edmund's, founded in 1268. 



The town- hall or council-house stands at the south- 

 east corner of the market place, and contains the courts 

 of justice for the assizes and quarter sessions, &c. It is 

 built of brick, with the angles, &c. of stone, and has a 

 recess with a portico supported by four Doric column?. 

 This elegant building was a present from the Earl of 

 Radnor to the corporation. 



The other public buildings of Salisbury are the in- 

 firmary, a large brick building, more commodious than 

 elegant ; the county jail which is under good regula- 

 tions ; the poultry cross, which is a Gothic structure, 

 of a hexagonal form ; a theatre and assembly, and 

 concert room, the grammar school ; Godolphins' school, 

 endowed for eight young ladies ; the bishop's school, 

 for educating and clothing twenty boys and girls. 

 The river is crossed by three bridges. Fisherton and 

 Crane bridges are of stone, and consist each of six 

 arches, connecting the city with the suburbs of Fisher-- 



