SAL 



528 



SAL 



Salonichi. 



Salhist ton. -Harnham bridge, which consists of ten arches 

 uniting Salisbury with the suburb of East Harnham, 

 is divided into two ports by a small island. The 

 principal manufactures of Salisbury are cutlery and 

 steel goods (particularly scissars, knives and razors,) 

 fine flannels, woollen serges, kerseymeres, figured 

 woollens for waistcoats, &c. The trade of the city 

 has been greatly increased since the formation of the 

 Salisbury canal, which communicates with the port of 

 Southampton. The town is governed by a mayor, 

 high steward, recorder, deputy-recorder, twenty-four 

 aldermen, thirty common councillors, and a town clerk. 

 The corporation of fifty-six persons elect the two mem- 

 bers of parliament. Population in 1821, 8763, and 

 number of houses 1680. West long. I 9 4-7'. north lat. 

 5 1 4'. See Ledwich's Anliquates Sarisburienses, 1 777 ; 

 Britton's History, $c. of the Cathedral Church of' Salis- 

 bury, 1815; Dodsworth's Historical Account of the 

 Episcopal see of Salisbury, 1 825 ; and the Beauties of 

 England find Wales, vol. xv. 



SALLUST, CAIUS CRISPUS SALLUSTIUS, a celebrat- 

 ed Roman historian, was born at Amiternum about the 

 year 85, B. C. He was educated at Rome, but in his 

 youth he was notorious for his profligacy and licen- 

 tiousness, and he had squandered away his patrimony 

 when he had scarcely obtained possession of it. We 

 are informed by Marcus Varro, in a fragment preserved 

 by Aulus Gellius, that Sallust was caught in adultery 

 with the wife of Milo, who was the daughter of Sylla. 

 Milo who himself made the discovery, is said to have 

 scourged him severely, and to have detained him till 

 he purchased his liberty by a pecuniary payment. In 

 the year 60, B. C. he was made questor, and in 52, 

 B. C. tribune of the people. As questor, he was ad- 

 mitted into the senate ; but in the year 50, B. C. he 

 was expelled by the censors on account of the immora- 

 lity of his conduct. In the year 49 he was restored 

 to the dignity of senator by Julius Caesar, who also 

 appointed him questor ; and in 47, B. C. he was made 

 praetor, and sent to Numidia. There he plundered the 

 province by the most exorbitant exactions, and retired 

 to Rome with enormous wealth, with which he pur- 

 chased the house and gardens on the Quirinal hill, 

 which still bear his name. We are informed by Euse- 

 bius that he married Terentia, the divorced wife of 

 Cicero, and that he died at the age of fifty, or year 35, 

 B. C. Besides his history of the conspiracy of Cata- 

 line and of the Jugurthine wars, Sallust composed a 

 history of the Roman republic from the death of Sylla 

 to Cataline's conspiracy, of which only a few fragments 

 remain, and also some orations. 



The best editions of his works are those of Grono- 

 vius, Ludg. Bat. 1690, of Wasse, Cantab. 1710, and 

 of Havercamp, Amst. 1762. The works of Sallust 

 were translated by Queen Elizabeth according to Cam- 

 den, and another translation has appeared in folio, by 

 the late Infant of Spain. One of the best translations 

 of Sallust is by our countryman Henry Stewart, Esq. 

 of Allanton, in one vol. 4to. 



. SALMON FISHERIES. See FISHERIES, Vol. IX. 

 p. 363; and ICHTHYOLOGY, Vol. XI. p. 706. 



SALONICHI, SALONIKI, anciently Thessalonica, 

 is a large and handsome seaport town of European 

 Turkey in Macedon, situated at the north end of a 

 gulf of the same name. The town is built on the de- 

 clivity of a steep hill, and is encompassed with a lofty 

 stone wall, which ascends the hill with a triangular 

 outline, seven miles round, and terminates in a seven- 

 towered fortress. When approached from the sea, the 



Salsette 



ii 

 Salt. 



domes and minarets of the mosques have a fine r.p- 

 pearance, embosomed among cypress trees. In the 

 interior the town is irregular, but more clean and 

 comfortable than other Turkish towns. 



The principal public building is the church of St. 

 Sophia, which has a mosque that resembles, though on 

 a diminished scale, that of St. Demetrius, consisting 

 of one church erected over another, containing 1000 

 pillars of jasper, &c. 



The trade of the place, which is second only to that 

 of Constantinople, consists in cotton, tobacco, corn 

 and wool, and is in the hands of Greeks, Jews, English, 

 French, Italians, and Dutch merchants. 



One of the most interesting objects of antiquity here 

 are the remains of the ancient Hippodrome, which con- 

 sist of a fine Corinthian colonnade of five pillars sus- 

 taining an entablature. The marble alto-relievos, in 

 which the figures are as large as life, are reckoned 

 among the finest specimens of sculpture, and are ac- 

 curately represented in Stewart's atlas. The other 

 objects of antiquity are the rotunda, on the model of 

 the Pantheon at Rome, and two triumphal arches of 

 Augustus and Constantius, one of which (called by 

 some the arch of Antoninus) is almost entire. There 

 are various blocks of marble in different parts of the 

 town, which are used as cisterns. Several ancient 

 fragments with inscriptions have been found without 

 the city. Population 70,000. East long. 22 56'. 

 north lat. 40 40/ 



SALSETTE. See CIVIL ARCHITECTURE, Vol. VI. 

 p. 576. JUDEA, Vol. XIL p. 64, col. 2. ELEFHANTA, 

 Vol. VIII. p. 563. 



SALT, a name which, though generally applied to 

 all crystallized substances that are easily soluble in 

 water, and even to those which are not soluble, is em- 

 ployed in common life to designate the muriate of soda 

 in whatever way it is obtained. As the various che- 

 mical and mineral salts have been already fully de- 

 scribed in our articles CHEMISTRY and MINERALOGY, 

 we propose at present to give an account of the ma- 

 nufacture of muriale of soda, for the purposes of do- 

 mestic economy, and of the various brine springs and 

 mines, &c. of rock salt, from which it is often obtained. 



Salt is obtained from three different sources. 



1. From sea water, by evaporation, either by means 

 of the heat of the sun, or by boiling. 



2. From natural brine springs, salt lakes and rivers, 

 by evaporation or boiling. 



3. From native rock salt or muriate of soda. 



1. Manufacture of Salt from Sea Water. 



1. By the heat of the sun. In warm countries where From sea 

 the rays of the sun possess sufficient heat to produce water. 

 a rapid evaporation, salt of the very best kind is ma- 

 nufactured without the aid of any artificial heat. This 

 manufacture is carried on to a great extent in France, 

 Spain, and Portugal. 



In the south of France, the land chosen as the place 

 of manufacture is generally clayey, and not liable 

 to be inundated. It is then surrounded by a bank 

 or wall having inlets next the sea, which may be 

 opened or shut by proper sluices. The land thus en- 

 closed, is divided into compartments of from 50 to 

 100 acres. When the water has evaporated to such a 

 degree that the deposition of the salt has commenced, 

 the brine is pumped out of the compartments on a 

 platform divided into compartments conducted by a 

 common gutter, and elevated so as to have a free ex- 

 posure to the air. As the evaporation advances more 



3 



